Monday, December 31, 2018

Cloaked in the euphoria of victory for democracy, Sri Lanka's ruling establishment slides further to the right


With the 50-day political crisis of Sri Lanka reaching to a temporary pause as Ranil Wickremasinghe was sworn in as prime minister on 16 Sunday, following a landmark judgement of the country's apex court, the ruling class in Colombo along with the media, the upper middle class milieu and academics have hoisted an euphoria of victory for democracy in the island nation.
Wickremasinghe takes oaths as prime minister 

Contrary to this assertion, the scenario that preceded Wickremasinghe's reappointment has shown that the whole ruling establishment - comprising of the executive, legislative and judicial branches of the government - is in rags and has shifted further to the right.

After assuming duties as the prime minister, Wickremsinghe tweeted, "today marks a victory not for myself or for the UNP", referring to his United National Party. "It is a victory for Sri Lanka’s democratic institutions and the sovereignty of our citizens. I thank everyone who stood firm in defending the constitution and ensuring the triumph of democracy.”

Deep divisions within the ruling establishment led to Sri Lanka president Maithripala Sirisena's anti-democratic sacking of Wickremsinghe as Prime Minister on 26 October, that triggered the immediate crisis. Wickremasinghe's swearing in followed two decisions by the Supreme Court - one challenging Sirisena's unconstitutional dissolution of the Parliament in the event Rajapakshe was unable to secure a majority, and the other on an appeal lodged by Rajapakshe against an interim order issued by the appeals court preventing him and his cabinet from functioning till the hearing of the case, which effectively left the country without a functioning government for nearly two weeks.

In both decisions the Supreme Court ruled against Sirisena-Rajapakshe faction, holding that the dissolution was unconstitutional and refusing to stay the appeals court decision. The next day Rajapakshe resigned as prime minister, leading to Wickremasinghe's reinstatement.

Just after the verdict was pronounced, Wickremasinghe declared, "the judgement given by the Supreme Court is a result of the steps taken by the ‘Yahapalana’ government to make the Judiciary independent" and that it "confirms the Judiciary as being an independent institution”.

A jubilant writer to The Island praised the judiciary by calling people to "honour the thinking of Hulftsdorp [where the country's apex court complex is situated] that gave new meaning to democracy, fundamental rights, and the sovereignty of the people". A dailymirror columnist wrote, the "unanimous verdict of the seven-member supreme court bench"  "upheld democracy and constitutional governance".

Prominent among these writers is Jayadeva Uyangoda, a university professor and a political analyst highly hailed by the upper middle class milieu,  who wrote to The Island on 15 December, boosting the bourgeois illusion with the judiciary: "The judges have also assured Sri Lankan citizens that in their fight to defend Sri Lanka’s endangered democracy, the judiciary is now a reliable arbiter". In another article in srilankabrief, Uyangoda praised the country's apex court, which he says has re-emerged with a "clear sense of institutional autonomy and independence", for its "role in restoring constitutional governance for Sri Lanka’s democracy".

The intervention of Sri Lanka's apex court in settling the political crisis within Colombo's ruling class does not show anything more about  its 'independence' than the fact that it was rather concerned with the increasing public disillusionment with the so-called 'democratic institutions' including the parliament and the entire ruling establishment. It was an expression of fears in ruling circles that the flagrant breach of constitutional norms would further fuel growing working class struggles against the capitalist rule.

The political crisis erupted in the context of growing geo-political tensions engulfing the island and the South Asian region where United States, its European allies and India are engaged in countering what they refer to as "creeping Chinese influence". Throughout the period of the present crisis, US sent warning signals to Colombo and urged immediate resolution of the political crisis, delaying of which could compound "uncertainty in Sri Lanka" and undermine its "international reputation".

The stance of the Supreme Court is also a clear response to this unavoidable geo-political pressure largely by US imperialism, though its eighty-eight paged judgement interpreting the provisions of the country's constitution has no mention of anything of that sort. However, Court has expressly admitted that, "practical considerations rather than formal logic must govern the interpretation of those parts of the Constitution which are obscure", and that it should "take into account social, economic and cultural developments which have taken place since the framing of the Constitution".

The portrayal of the judges and courts as defenders of democracy is a dangerous trap fixed against the working class.

Evgeny Pashukanis, the renowned Soviet jurist and early Bolshevik wrote, "without the work of legislators, judges, police and prison guards (in a word, of the whole apparatus of the class state), law would become a fiction".

Wickremasinghe and the other commentators wilfully conceal one basic fact which Pashukanis emphasizes:  the capitalist state is class-based and the judges and courts are part of that class rule.

The constitution as the fundamental law of the class rule is not just the words in the text adopted by capitalist parliament. Its  basic structure is formulated by neoliberal dictates and imperialist demands, in line of which every judicial branch of a country of belated capitalist development is compelled  to frame its 'thinking'.

The 'triumph of democracy' has nothing to do with the rights of the working class and the oppressed masses, except for a temporary settlement of capitalist class rule.
In State and Revolution Lenin explains:

 "A democratic republic is the best possible political shell for capitalism, and, therefore, once capital has gained possession of this very best shell… it establishes its power so securely, so firmly, that no change of persons, institutions or parties in the bourgeois-democratic republic can shake it.”

The 'whole apparatus of the class state', including courts, are assigned this task of unshakably securing the 'political shell for capitalism', which is bourgeois democracy.

During the seventy years of 'independence' from colonial rule, the two major ruling parties, Sri Lanka Freedom Party(SLFP), now headed by Sirisena, and Wickremasingh's UNP, bestowed upon the working class of the country only poverty, inequality and massacres of youth in the North and the South and brutal suppression of working class struggles, in the name of 'democracy'. All factions of the Sri Lankan ruling elite are determined  to crush working class opposition to the attacks on living and social conditions demanded by national and global big business.

The Supreme Court nor the appeals court had any hesitation in resting all powers of the cabinet of ministers with Sirisena when its decision was to effectively leave the country without a functioning government. Sirisena immediately stepped into strengthen the autocratic and repressive powers of the executive presidency. Apart from his position as defence minister, which he holds under the constitution, Sirisena obtained the law and order ministry, under which is the police, and the media ministry.

These are all warnings that the ruling class is rehearsing authoritarian measures to build up police state conditions in preparation for responding to  deepening class tensions.

After swearing in as a minister of Wickremasinshe's new cabinet, UNP deputy leader, Sajith Premadasa  called everyone to be ready to work overnight to complete ten years work during ten months. This is an indication of the ruling class's unequivocal readiness to impose the burden of their crisis upon the working class.

The working class cannot place any faith in any of the institutions of the class rule, which  are placed at the disposal of the ruling class to suppress the growing opposition and protests, using whatever means necessary including the military and police. To win true democracy, what is necessary is the independent mobilisation of workers, youth and the poor on the basis of an international socialist program to fight for a workers’ and peasants’ government. In Sri Lanka and internationally, it is only the Socialist Equality Party that advances this revolutionary perspective.

Image credit: newsfirst.lk

Wednesday, October 17, 2018

Sri Lanka's crisis-ridden government tables police-state laws

By Sanjaya Wilson Jayasekera

The government of Sri Lanka last week tabled in the parliament its long proposed  Counter Terrorism Bill(CTB) through its whip minister Thilak Marapana. The law, claiming to repeal the draconian Prevention of Terrorism Act(PTA), which has been used by successive governments  for four decades against political opponents and the working class, is intended to consolidate a police state.

The new CTB followed two drafts previously proposed, once two years back and then in May last year[Articles on 31.10.2016 & 12.06.2017].

The bill, once passed as law, will avail the police draconian powers of investigation in arresting, questioning  and detaining  persons on charges of the offences of terrorism, giving room to torture in police custody. Sri Lanka police is notorious for torture and extra-judicial killings of suspects while in their custody.

None of the hundred sections in the bill does define the most important word in it, "terrorism", giving room for uncertainty, unpredictability and subjectivity of the law, in breach of established principles of bourgeois law. Instead, the draft law defines several acts to be offences under it.  Given the possibility of  broader interpretations that could be given to these descriptions of the acts, many areas of political and civil activity would be covered under these offences.

The provisions of the draft law will stand above all other written law. All regulations made under PTA will be as valid and effective under the new law.

The bill provides that a person would be guilty of the offence of terrorism if he commits several enumerated acts with the intention of,

intimidating a population;
wrongfully or unlawfully compelling the government of Sri Lanka, or any other government, or an international organization, to do or to abstain from doing any act;
preventing any such government from functioning; or
causing harm to the territorial integrity or sovereignty of Sri Lanka or any other sovereign country.
The acts enumerated to constitute the offence of terrorism include acts,
causing serious damage to property, including public or private property, any place of public use, a State or Governmental facility, any public or private transportation system or any infrastructure facility or environment;
causing serious obstruction or damage to essential services or supplies;
causing obstruction or damage to, or interference with, any electronic or automated or computerized system or network or cyber environment of domains assigned to, or websites registered with such domains assigned to Sri Lanka;
causing obstruction or damage to, or interference with any critical infrastructure or logistic facility associated with any essential service or supply;
causing obstruction or damage to, or interference with any electronic, analog, digital or other wire-linked or wireless transmission system including signal transmission and any other frequency based transmission system.

This bill also provides for several other acts to constitute offences associated with terrorism if committed "with the intention of, or having the knowledge of, or having reasonable grounds to believe that such conduct has the effect of, adversely affecting the territorial integrity, national security and defence of Sri Lanka or, intimidating or terrorizing a civilian population."

Each of these 'intentions' and "acts" could be interpreted to mean and include any political activity considered inimical  to the ruling circles, any industrial action by the working people including in telecommunications sector  and any mass protest against the counter-revolutionary measures of the government.

One other offence under the draft law is abetting to commit the offence of terrorism, which includes the act of "gathering confidential information, for the purpose of supplying such information to a person who commits an offence under this Act".  This is a provision that could be easily used against witch-hunting media and journalists.

A person found guilty of an offence under the draft law could face life imprisonment or  imprisonment up to twenty years and to a fine up to one million rupees.

The powers of arrest without warrant is vested with the police and -contrary to the general criminal procedure- also with armed forces. The draft law provides, "any police officer, an officer or member of the armed forces or a coast guard officer, may arrest without a warrant" any person who he has "reasonable grounds to believe" has committed or been concerned in committing an offence.

Once arrested, a person could be detained by the police for forty eight hours prior to being produced before a magistrate. The past experience under the PTA shows that the draft law's requirement to inform the Human Rights Commission about every such arrest and detention will not stand as bar to police brutality while under their custody.

A Deputy Inspector General(IGP) of police could issue a detention order, even without the approval of any magistrate, to detain a person up to two weeks. This is a provision that gives wider powers to the police, while under PTA only the minister could issue a detention order.

Once a person arrested under a detention order is produced before a judge, he has no option but give judicial recognition to the detention order. Where the police requires the detention of the person extended, after the expiry of  the two weeks, the police have to submit a "confidential report" to the magistrate to obtain approval for such continued detention. The suspect person or his lawyer could only obtain as much information as needed to object to such extension and not to the complete report, which the magistrate is bound to keep confidential. Cumulatively, the period of detention under an order of an IGP could extend to two months for the purpose of investigation.

At the expiry of the detention which could extend to eight weeks, the suspect person could be sent to remand prison upon an order of the magistrate. Such person could then be interrogated and kept in remand for up to six months before commencing criminal proceedings in courts. This period of six months could also be extended by the high court on an application of the Attorney General. During this period, bail is only available from the high courts, under unspecified "exceptional circumstances".

The government of President Maithripla Sirisena and Prime Minister Ranil Wickremasinghe is smothered in deep economic and political crisis. These circumstances, under which these repressive laws are required by the ruling classes, is of immense political significance.

The government is pressurized by International Monetary Fund (IMF) to impose fiscal and monetary consolidation and reduce the budget deficit, allocating a larger portion of the tax revenue to pay foreign debts. Sri Lanka will have to pay $4 billion per year until 2022 just to meet its current external debt liabilities. High military expenditure, the deceleration of rupee in relation to the dollar, continued monthly fuel price hikes, rising prices of essential consumer items and wage stagnation have all driven to declining living standards and social conditions. Government's next austerity budget is soon to be presented to the parliament.

Domestically, the Sirisena-Wickremasinghe government is threatened with an existential crisis due to largely growing public discontent and mass struggles against its austerity policies and pro-foreign-investment privatization progrmmes. In reality, the government is afraid of future broad mass uprisings and not of any threat of a terrorist outfit. It is also confronted by the surge of a right-wing  opposition led by former president Mahinda Rajapakshe for power.

Moreover, internationally, the government is forced into the political maelstrom of American imperialism, which has under the administration of Donald Trump laid the foundations for an aggressive trade war with China and  actively engaged in military provocations against Beijing for the control of the Asia-Pacific region,  that  may possibly lead to a global war.

Under these conditions, the ruling elite is well aware that, in the coming period, it will have to deal with a rising tide of  militant class struggles against its sever cuts and ruthless austerity measures. CTB, intended to intimidate and terrorize any political opposition, once passed into law, will be a ready weapon aimed against the working class.


Monday, July 30, 2018

Tamil Nationalism, a dead end to the Tamil working class in Sri Lanka

Tamil Nationalism, a dead end to the Tamil working class in Sri Lanka

Three and half decades after the bloody anti-Tamil pogrom in Sri Lanka, in July 1983, and ensuring war in the North and East that caused colossal losses of lives and wealth to the working people, both in the North and South of the country, and close to a decade since the end of civil war in 2009, the Tamil bourgeoisie is yet more emphatically fixing the Tamil working class in the most damaging Tamil Nationalist defensive strategy against  the Sinhalese working class.


Cankili Thoppu Archway
While the Tamil bourgeoisie has been all throughout endeavouring to strike a deal with the Sinhalese liberal bourgeoisie in the South, it was always confronted with even harsher offensive by Sinhalese bourgeois Nationalists. In an attempt to carve up an autonomous pro-imperialist capitalist state in the North and East, it was always necessary for the Tamil bourgeoise to rationalize and assert a Tamil Homeland in the North and East, which task was assigned to Tamil nationalist historians, in a cold war with Sinhala chauvinist historiography and archaeology.  This debate remains unresolved, as it should, propounding competing historical narratives, while the Sinhalese nationalists denying to recognize the North and East as the lands where Tamil civilization prevailed for centuries.

Against each anti-Tamil offensive by the capitalist ruling class in the South, using parliamentary, military and police state measures, the bourgeoise Tamil nationalists place the blame on the Sinhalese working class and the poor, as if they were responsible for the discriminatory and oppressive treatment by the Sinhalese Majority government of the South. In the backdrop of the government of the South retaining the lands of the Tamils and fortifying its military presence in the North and East, even nine years after the end of war, some Tamil nationalist academics and politicians even revived blaming Sinhalese of being an internal colonizer, portraying the Sinhalese working masses as an oppressive colonizer of Tamil masses. The picture painted is false to the core.

This blame-game flows from the very interests of the Tamil elite, which is devoted to formulate narratives in order to dilute the class question of the entire national question. When class differences are sidelined and diluted, the nationalist issue is retained in the interests of the Tamil elite, at the expense of the Tamil working class.

The politics of Tamil nationalists is so bankrupt that it fails to unravel the truth of the real enemy of the Tamil working class and the poor, which is none other than the Tamil and Sinhalese ruling class, borth in the North and the South. In this background, the more the identity politics of Tamil Nationalism is strengthened, the more the Sinhalese Nationalism is strengthened in the South by the Sinhalese ruling elite, in order to further entrench the nationalist dividing lines that separate Tamil and Sinhalese working classes and the poor on communal lines.

This is a vicious cycle. It affects the whole working class in the island, as it disarm them of a political programme of a united independant fight against the capitalist ruling elite of both the communities, that serve the demands of neoliberal market economy.

Naloor Manthiri manai in Jaffna 

Without a complete breakaway from this bankrupt politics of Tamil Nationalism, the Tamil working class and the poor will have no imancipation, no lasting solution to any of the day-to-day problems of their lives. History has taught the most important lesson that the only programme that saves the Tamil working class against the oppression by the Southern government is only a fight against these ruling classes in union with the Sinhalese working class of the South, in order to establish a Socialist Republic of Sri Lanka and Eelam on the internationalist perspective of a Socialist Federation of South Asia. This is a fight that was ever resisted and hated by the Tamil elite and the Liberation Tigers of Tamil Eelam(LTTE), who never ever appealed to the Sinhalese masses.

Nationalist politics serves the ruling elite, not the working class and the oppressed peoples.


Images by SWJ.




Saturday, July 21, 2018

Neoliberal Constitutionalism and the Danger of Authoritarianism in the Third World

Neoliberal Constitutionalism and the Danger of Authoritarianism in the Third World
By Sanjaya Wilson Jayasekera, LL.B, Attorney-at-Law.

Following is the speech delivered at the Third World Approaches to International Law (TWAIL) Conference held at National University of Singapore on July 21,2018. The panel was moderated by Vasuki Nesiah, Associate Professor, New York University, Gallatin School (USA).

Good Morning! Professor Vasuki, all my colleagues,

While thanking the National University of Singapore for organizing this event, in my presentation today, I will place the center of my arguments, in the topic I am discussing, on the impact of the financial and economic crisis in 2008. Let me also mention that my topic here flows as a specific area of study of my Masters thesis. The short video, which will accompany my speech, though muted, would remind you of the events that I would be enumerating during the presentation. I have prepared a  brief note of my paper and, for fear of losing to mention the significant points, I will be reading-out from my note.

It is almost a decade since the collapse of subprime mortgage market and the big enterprises of financial capital, the Fannie Mae, Freddie Mac and American International Group, and investment Bankers like Lehman Brothers and Goldman Sachs in the United States, which initiated the most damaging financial and economic crisis since the Great Depression of 1931. This crisis, termed as the Great Recession, subsequently led to irrevocable economic calamities all around the world.

The States resorted to unpopular austerity measures in order to bail out the economies and the financial capital. This turn of the governments to respond to economic crisis caused major reformations in the constitutional setup and all the organs of the States were seemingly compliant to facilitate the reforms.

Indebted to the core, the States of the Third World heavily depend on the bailout loans from the international financiers, prominently the International Monetary Fund(IMF) and the World Bank, dispersed on drastic conditionalities of reduction of budget deficits and repayment of debts and for implementing policy reforms of the World Trade Organization(WTO). Intending to reduce budget deficit and government debt, States around the world implemented austerity measures, which included a range of public welfare and subsidy cuts, cuts of wages, unemployment benefits and pensions and, increase of taxes on consumer products and services, often referred to as fiscal austerity. Austerity also includes deregulation, commercialization and privatization of State-owned enterprises and extensive labour market liberalization.

Last year, for example, the Sri Lankan government made overhaul amendments to its tax law and passed the Inland Revenue Act No. 24 of 2017, targeting a greater spectrum of the working class, in strict compliance with the recommendations of the  IMF, which felicitated and encouraged the government in releasing the fifth tranche of the bail out loan under the Extended Fund Facility negotiated in 2016.

Many research and reports available on this phenomenon have shown that such austerity measures have largely undermined economic and social rights[1],  civil liberties and freedoms of the people of the third world, as well as in major capitalist market States. The United Nations Independent Expert on the effects of foreign debt and other related international financial obligations of States on the full enjoyment of all human rights, particularly economic, social and cultural rights, in his January 2016 report reveals that  “Austerity measures adopted in response to financial crises have pushed many individuals below minimum income levels."[2]

These drastic measures have been met with militant struggles of the working class, youth and the poor, which the States have been suppressing by way of police and military apparatus and the judicial systems, all at the expense of the international human rights standards, democratic values and rule of law. At the same time, the States of the Third World are victim of inter imperialist rivalries, while the United States is openly preparing for the next world war with China and Russia, in order to resolve its own economic crisis by destruction of competitive markets.

The age of austerity is also the grounds for protectionism and for the rise of  all forms of reactionary tendencies such as populism and racism, which the States are prone to deal with by force. Outside the democratic discourse,  geo-strategic decisions are made and laws are passed through national legislatures  to suit the imperialist demands and the  dictates of the International lending institutions. The third world States increasingly seem to lose their democratic credentials. The danger of authoritarianism[3]  haunts the Third World.

The right to peaceful assembly and association, the freedom of speech , media freedom, freedom of information , right to individual liberty, right to non-discrimination are significant rights badly affected by the counter measures implemented by the States under austerity conditions. The minority and vulnerable groups are discriminated against forcing them to face the risk of social marginalization and exclusion[4].  Access to justice is severely affected due to non-affordability and lack of State legal aid.

In India, last year, 31 workers of the Maruti-Suzuki company were victimized by the terror sponsored by the State-Company partnership, for the simple reason that they demanded job security, higher wages and trade union rights, in the backdrop of severe austerity measures and IMF sanctioned free-market policies implemented by the Indian government.  Found guilty on framed-up charges of culpable homicide, 13 workers were sentenced to life imprisonment. Last May, Indian police shot and killed a dozen demonstrators protesting against a copper smelter in Tuticorin, in Tamil Nadu, that was emitting hazardous polluters for years.

Including instances from Sri Lanka, Myanmar, Philippines, Chile, Argentina and Venezuela, hundreds more examples can be drawn from many countries of the third world, most considered belonging to modern democracies by 2008, to show their backsliding to police-state regimes. Many reports abound in this regard[5].  Parallel to many other States, Indian government, closely working with social media giants to restrict alternative thinking and expression, amended its Information Technology Act in 2011, which requires that  Internet cafÊ owners photograph their customers, keep copies of client IDs and browsing histories for one year, and forward this data each month to the government.  In Sri Lanka, where hardly a day passes by without even a single mass agitation against government's measures of budget-deficit reduction, the government is now planing to implement death penalty.

These anti-democratic measures are legalized and legitimized by the States on the basis of national security and economic stability. This is the very logic of the theory of neoliberal market economy propounded by Friedrich Von Hayek, who wrote that a State's legal system should guarantee  "a constitutional framework that is capable of holding the power of the State in check, whilst respecting the general rules that underpin the market order." In other words, rule of law is to ensure that power of the State is held in check, so that the State does not interfere with the rules of the market, but, on the contrary, upholds them.

According to D.M.Kotz, Neoliberalism, as the new phase of capitalist economy after late 1970s, is often described by reference to a trilogy of policies known as liberalization, privatization, and stabilization[6].  This necessitated that the post-World War II welfare-State whither away. Austerity, therefore, inevitably becomes an enhanced demand of neoliberalism at times of financial and economic crises. Where budgets are constrained, the immediate casualty is social welfare and the living standards of the people. The new Social Structure of Accumulation(SSA) of neoliberal capitalism  is constitutionalized internationally through global trade, investment and corporation  agreements and nationally through domestic legislations. This new constitutionalism, which is the overarching economic and politico-legal ideology of the basic structure of the governance of the Third World in the age of austerity, I propose, could be  best termed as neoliberal constitutionalism. 

What can be observed therefore is that Capitalist crisis, austerity, poverty, inequality, social polarization and authoritarianism go hand-in-hand. A reversal of this phenomenon affecting millions in the third world, as well as in the centres of global capitalist economy, requires an internationalist response, a reversal of the class-biased[7] international legal system  and the very Social Structure of Accumulation itself.


1. S.Kidd, Pro-poor or anti-poor? The World Bank and IMF’s approach to social protection,  April 2018, http://www.brettonwoodsproject.org/2018/03/pro-poor-anti-poor-world-bank-imfs-approach-social-protection/ (accessed  16.07.2018)

2. Report to the 31st Session of the United Nations Human Rights Council(UNHRC).

3. Lynne Henderson describes authoritarianism as political structures and practices that directly threaten human freedom and dignity that lies in opposition to the liberal values of tolerance of ambiguity and difference, insists on obedience to rules, insists on conformity and uses coercion and punishment to ensure that obedience. L.Henderson,"Authoritarianism and the Rule of Law”,Indiana Law Journal,Vol.66,Issue.2,1991,pp379,456,p382

4.  L.Ginsborg,"The impact of the economic crisis on human rights in Europe and the accountability of international institutions", Global Campus Human Rights Journal,Vol.1,2017,97-117,  P104. A detailed analysis on the austerity's  impact on human rights and about anti-Austerity protests in the Eurozone countries is provided in the following Report: "The impact of the crisis on fundamental rights across Member States of the EU- Comparative analysis", European Parliament, Brussels(February 2015), http://www.europarl.europa.eu/studies (accessed 12.10.2017), especially Chapters 9 & 10.

5. A lost decade for human rights? Assessing austerity and its alternatives 10 years on from the financial crisis, http://www.brettonwoodsproject.org/2018/04/lost-decade-human-rights-assessing-austerity-alternatives-10-years-financial-crisis/ (accessed on 16.07.2018);   M.J.Abramowitz,  Democracy in Crisis: Freedom in the World- 2018, https://freedomhouse.org/report/freedom-world/freedom-world-2018 ( accessed on  16.07.2018)

6.  D.M.Kotz,The Rise and Fall of Neoliberal Capitalism (Harvard University Press,Cambridge, 2015)

7. B. S. Chimni, Prolegomena to a Class Approach to International Law, The European Journal of International Law Vol. 21 no. 1 © EJIL 2010; 

Image credit to Udani.





Wednesday, June 27, 2018

IMF pressures Sri Lanka to tighten austerity in approving the fifth tranche of its bail-out loan

International Monetary Fund(IMF) early this month reviewed Sri Lanka government's austerity programme and approved  the disbursement  of US $ 252 million as the fifth tranche of its three year bail-out loan,
demanding the government further squeeze the living conditions of the working class and the poor.

The IMF staff review report was released on June 20. The total amount released with this instalment would be US$ 1,014 million.

The  three year Extended Fund Facility(EFF) was approved by IMF in June 2016 to enable Sri Lanka to resolve the island nation's balance of payment crises on the strict conditions that the US backed government of  Prime Minister Ranil Wickremasinghe and President Maithripla Sirisena implements economic reforms aimed at fiscal tightening, commercialization and restructuring state owned enterprises(SOEs) and privatization, and reforming its revenue laws. These measures are aimed at furthering cuts in social welfare for workers and the poor and increase of taxes.

IMF press release on June 1, cites its Acting Chair and Deputy Managing Director, Mitsuhiro Furusawa appreciating the Sri Lanka government's robust implementation of fiscal and monetary consolidation: "Sri Lanka has made important progress under its Fund-supported program. The authorities’ efforts to improve the policy mix through fiscal consolidation and prudent monetary policy, and landmark structural reforms are supporting the economic recovery."

The government has been heeding to the IMF demands of austerity by raising prices of essential items of food  and gas and fuel price. Petrol and diesel prices have been increased by 17 percent and 15 percent, to 137 rupees per litre ($US0.87) and 109 rupees per litre respectively. The price of a 12-litre tank of cooking gas was hiked by 17 percent to 1,676 rupees per litre. These have led to repelling effects.
Sri Lanka estate worker family

The price of kerosene was lifted by 130 percent to Rs.101 per litre. Later, in view of  the island-wide agitation by the fishermen, the government was forced to reduce kerosene price  just by Rs.30. However, fishermen demand the previous price, which is Rs.26 lower than the adjusted price. 

On April 20, in terms of its demands under the third review report published in January, IMF mission chief for Sri Lanka Manuela Goretti stated that the IMF loan instalment was conditional upon the government implementing an automatic fuel pricing mechanism. This will adjust fuel prices every two months, according to the world crude oil prices and the rupee exchange rate.

Furusawa complimented the recent approval of an automatic fuel pricing formula as "a major achievement towards reducing fiscal risks from state-owned enterprises (SOEs)". He has also insisted that the government implement an automatic pricing formula for electricity and a "restructuring plan for Sri Lankan Airlines, as well as further strengthening SOE governance."

The government is forced to implement an automatic pricing mechanism also for electricity by September this year. The staff report provides that this pricing mechanism "ensures retail prices above cost-recovery levels and a financial position of Ceylon Electricity Board capable of covering debt service."  Consequently, sharp increase in electricity bills will affect millions poor.

Furusawa stated, "Further progress with revenue-based fiscal consolidation, supported by the new Inland Revenue Act, is needed", calling the government for "fostering gradual trade liberalization, and the investment climate".

The IMF staff report demands that the government and the Central Bank push ahead with the austerity agenda for the coming years detailed in “Vision 2025” launched by the government last September, by "further advancing fiscal consolidation through stronger fiscal rules and SOE governance; modernizing monetary and exchange rate frameworks " and trade liberalization.

The government last year passed the new revenue law targeting a broad base of low income earners to its web of taxes. Under this law every person whose  monthly income is Rs.50,000 or above  is liable to pay tax. A greater number of private sector workers and state employees therefore fall into this category.

The Inland Revenue Department (IRD) has opened 49,000 new tax files in April, Finance and Mass Media Minister Mangala Samaraweera boasted in May. The government has set a target of 250,000 new tax files during the year. “The government’s tax revenue has increased to 12.6 percent of GDP from 10.3 percent; the government’s revenue has increased to 13.8 percent of GDP from 12.6 percent while the government managed to retain expenditure at 19.4 percent of GDP and 5 percent of government investments, ” Samaraweera declared.

The IMF-dictated austerity measures are aimed at slashing the fiscal deficit to 3.5 percent of gross domestic product(GDP) by 2020. The tax revenue is largely spent for debt and interest payments. As Samaraweera mentioned, debt to GDP ratio has fallen to 77.6 percent in 2017 from 78.8 in 2016, while the government will have to pay off Rs 11.4 trillion worth of loans.

According to the Central Bank, the debt service payment for this year is $US2.9 billion, rising to $4.2 billion in 2019 and continuing at $3.6 billion for each year from 2020 to 2022. Finance Ministry last month revealed that the heavily cash-strapped government of Sri Lanka accepted an eight-year syndicated loan of   $ 1 billion from China Development Bank(CDB) to repay loans maturing this year.

Under IMF's third review, Sri Lanka is committed to fiscal consolidation in 2019 through further revenue mobilization, requiring to acquire primary surplus of 2 percent of GDP in the coming year.

The ensuing austerity measures are attacking jobs, wages, welfare programmes and living conditions of the masses, while slowing down the economy.
Last year Sri Lanka’s economic growth rate fell to 3.1 percent, the worst in 16 years, and down from 4.4 percent in 2016.

The rupee depreciated to its lowest of 161 rupees per US dollar in the third week of June, marking a 4.2% decline during the year up to June 22. This places upward pressure on the price of imports, further driving down the living conditions of the working people.

IMF has been demanding that the currency be subject to market forces and that the Central Bank’s foreign currency reserves not be used to prop it up.

Last week, Goretti commended Central Bank's "Road Map(monetary and financial sector policies for 2018 and beyond)" for flexible inflation targeting and stressed its recommendation that "exchange rate flexibility needs to remain as the first line of defence in case of volatile capital outflows."

According to the Central Bank, in the week ending on  June 6, investors sold government securities worth a net Rs.2.8 billion, bringing the outflow of foreign reserves so far this year to 19.9 billion rupees, further pressing the rupee down.

Amid serious political crisis within the Sirisena-Wickremasinghe unity government, it is also faced with a wave of strike actions by workers including in university, health, railways, airports, postal, petroleum, telecommunication and power and plantations with wage demands  and against commercialization and privatization of SOEs. Students have come to the streets against education commercialization,  privatization and militarization,  while farmers fight for subsidies.

Other than for some limited wage increase and cosmetic changes to subsidies to deflect the anger among workers and poor, since 2015, real wages have been freezing, World Socialist Web Site(wsws) reported early this year. According to a Central Bank report in last November, public sector real wages eroded 6.9 percent, while in private sector the decline was 5.6 percent during the first seven months of 2017.
Anti-austerity protest in Dublin in 2012

Furusawa's claimed that "the impact of the reforms on the vulnerable can be mitigated by ongoing efforts to strengthen social safety nets." This is a lie to the core. Sri Lanka government like its counterparts in Europe -Greece, Spain, Italy and Ireland - is unleashing its counter-revolutionary measures to rewind all "social safety nets" to place the burden of economic recovery on the working class and the poor.

Monday, June 25, 2018

⎀ීāļšිāļŊීāļš්⎃් āļąිāļģ්āļ¸ාāļ­ෘ āļ¯āļŠāļēāļ¸් āļšිāļģීāļ¸āļ§ āļ‘āļģෙ⎄ි ⎀ෙāļ¸ු! āļĸුāļŊිāļēāļą් āļ…āˇƒාāļą්āļĸ් āļąිāļ¯āˇ„āˇƒ් āļšāļģāļąු!


āļ‡āļ¸āļģිāļšāļą් ⎄ා āļļ්‍āļģිāļ­ාāļą්‍āļē āļ…āļ°ිāļģාāļĸ්‍āļē⎀ාāļ¯āļēේ āļēුāļ° āļ…āļ´āļģාāļ¯, āļ­āļą්āļ­්‍āļģ āļ¸ාāļģු āļšුāļ¸āļą්āļ­්‍āļģāļą āļ‡āļ­ුāļŊු āļŊො⎀ āļ´ුāļģා āļ†āļą්āļŠු⎀āļŊ āļ¸ිāļąීāļ¸ැāļģීāļ¸්, āļාāļ­āļą āˇ„ා āļ¸āˇ„ āļĸāļąāļ­ා⎀ āļœේ āļ­ොāļģāļ­ුāļģු āļ‘āļšāļ­ු āļšිāļģීāļ¸ේ ⎄ා āļąිāļģීāļš්⎂āļĢāļē āļšිāļģීāļ¸ේ āļ…āļ´āļģාāļ¯ āļŊො⎀āļ§āļ¸ āˇ„ෙāļŊිāļšāļŊ ⎀ිāļšිāļŊීāļš්⎃් ⎀ෙāļļ් āļ…āļŠāˇ€ිāļēේ āļąිāļģ්āļ¸ාāļ­ෘ ⎀āļą āļ¸ාāļ¯්‍āļē⎀ේāļ¯ී ⎄ා ⎃ි⎀ිāļŊ් āļ…āļēිāļ­ි⎀ා⎃ිāļšāļ¸් ⎃āļ§āļą්āļšāļģු āļĸුāļŊිāļēāļą් āļ…āˇƒාāļą්āļĸ් āļ”⎄ු⎀ āļ¯āļŠāļēāļ¸් āļšිāļģීāļ¸ේ āļ‡āļ¸āļģිāļšාāļąු, āļļ්‍āļģිāļ­ාāļą්‍āļē, ⎃්⎀ීāļŠāļą, āļ‰āļš්⎀āļ¯ෝāļģāļē ⎄ා āļ•āˇƒ්āļ§්‍āļģේāļŊිāļēාāļąු āļ†āļą්āļŠු⎀āļŊ āļšුāļ¸āļą්āļ­්‍āļģāļą āˇ„āļ¸ු⎀ේ  āļ¸ේ ⎀āļą āˇ€ිāļ§ āļļ්‍āļģිāļ­ාāļą්‍āļēāļēේ āļ‰āļš්⎀āļ¯ෝāļģ āļ­ාāļąාāļ­ිāļ´āļ­ි āļšාāļģ්‍āļēාāļŊāļēේ āļĸී⎀ිāļ­āļēāļ­් āļ¸āļģāļąāļēāļ­් āļ…āļ­āļģ ⎃āļ§āļąāļšāļ§ āļ¸ු⎄ුāļą āļ¯ී ⎃ිāļ§ී.

āļļු⎂්, āļ”āļļාāļ¸ා  ⎄ා āļ§ෝāļąි āļļ්āļŊෙāļēāļģ් āļ´āļģිāļ´ාāļŊāļą āļ­āļą්āļ­්‍āļģāļēāļą් ⎀ි⎃ිāļą් āļ…āļ¸ු āļļේāļœāļŊ් āļ¸āļ­ āļ‰āļģාāļšāļē, āļ‡āˇ†්āļœāļąි⎃්āļ­ාāļąāļē, āļēේāļ¸āļąāļē āļ†āļ¯ී āļģāļ§āˇ€āļŊ  āļ¯ිāļēāļ­් āļšෙāļģුāļąු āļ†āļš්‍āļģāļ¸āļąāļšාāļģී āļēුāļ¯්āļ° āˇ€āļŊāļ¯ී āļŊāļš්⎂ āļœāļąāļąිāļą් āļ¸āˇ„āļĸāļąāļ­ා⎀ āļ¸āļģāļąāļēāļ§ āļ´āļ­් āļšෙāļģුāļąි. ⎁ි⎂්āļ§ාāļ ාāļģ ⎃ුāļą්āļą්āļ­්āļ¯ූāļŊි āļšāļģāļąු āļŊැāļļුāļąි. ⎃ිāļēāļŊු āļ´්‍āļģāļ¯ාāļą  āļ°ාāļģා⎀ේ āļ´ාāļŊāļš āļ´āļą්āļ­ි āļœැāļ­ි āļ¸ාāļ°්‍āļē ⎀ි⎃ිāļą් āˇ€āˇƒāļą් āļšāļģāļąු āļŊැāļļූ āļ¸ෙāļ¸ āļ…āļ´āļģාāļ° āļ…āˇƒාāļą්āļĸ් āļ´්‍āļģāļ¸ුāļ› āˇ€ිāļšිāļŊීāļš්⎃් āļ¸āļœිāļą් āļŊො⎀ āļ¸āˇ„āļĸāļąāļēා āļ‰āļ¯ිāļģිāļ´ිāļ§ āˇ€ි⎀ෘāļ­ āļšāļģāļąු āļŊැāļļිāļąි.   āļ‡āļ¸āļģිāļšාāļąු āļēුāļ¯ āļģāˇ„āˇƒ් ⎄ෙāļŊි āļšිāļģීāļ¸ āļēāļą āļ ෝāļ¯āļąා⎀ āļ¸āļ­ āļ…āļ­āļŠංāļœු⎀āļ§ āļœැāļąීāļ¸āļ§āļ­් āļ‰āļą් āļ´āˇƒු⎀ āļ¸āļģāļą āļ¯āļŠු⎀āļ¸ āļ¯āļš්⎀ා āļ…āˇƒාāļą්āļĸ්⎀ āļšුāļ¯āļŊාāļœෙāļą āļēෑāļ¸ āļ´ිāļąි⎃āļ­් āļ…āļ°ිāļģාāļĸ්‍āļē⎀ාāļ¯ී āļļāļŊ⎀āļ­ුāļą් āļ¸ාāļą āļļāļŊāļ¸ිāļą් ⎃ිāļ§ිāļą්āļąේ āļ‘āļąි⎃āļēි. 2012 āļĸුāļąි 19 ⎃ිāļ§  āļļ්‍āļģිāļ­ාāļą්‍āļēāļē āļ­ුāļŊ āļ‰āļš්⎀āļ¯ෝāļģ āļ­ාāļąාāļ­ිāļ´āļ­ි āļšාāļģ්‍āļēාāļŊāļēේ āļ¯ේ⎁āļ´ාāļŊāļą āˇƒāļģāļąාāļœāļ­āļēෙāļšු  āļŊෙ⎃ āļģැāļ¯ී ⎃ිāļ§ිāļą āļ…āˇƒාāļą්āļĸ් āļšුāļ¸āļą āļ…āˇ€āˇƒ්āļ­ා⎀āļš āˇ„ෝ āļ‡āļ¸āļģිāļšාāļąු āļœැāļ­ි āļ‰āļš්⎀āļ¯ෝāļģāļē ⎀ි⎃ිāļą්  āļļ්‍āļģිāļ­ාāļą්‍āļē āļ´ොāļŊි⎃් āļ¸ුāļģ āļļāļŊ්āļŊāļą් āļ…āļ­āļ§ āļ¸ුāļ¯ා⎄ැāļģීāļ¸ේ āļ…āļą්āļ­āļģාāļē ⎀ැāļŠෙāļ¸ිāļą් āļ­ිāļļේ.

āļ…āˇƒාāļą්āļĸ් āļļ්‍āļģිāļ­ාāļą්‍āļēāļēේāļ¯ී āļ¸ුāļŊ් ⎀āļģāļ§  2010 āļ¯ෙ⎃ැāļ¸්āļļāļģ් āļ¸āˇƒ ⎃ිāļģāļœāļ­ āļšිāļģීāļ¸ේ āļ¯ේ⎁āļ´ාāļŊāļą āļ´āˇƒුāļļිāļ¸ āˇ„ෙāļŊිāļ¯āļģ⎀ු āļšāļģāļ¸ිāļą් āļŊෝāļš āˇƒāļ¸ාāļĸ⎀ාāļ¯ී ⎀ෙāļļ් āļ…āļŠāˇ€ිāļē āļ¸ෙ⎃ේ ⎃āļ§āˇ„āļą් āļšāļŊේāļē:

“āļ…āˇƒāļą්āļĸ් ⎄ා ⎀ිāļšිāļŊීāļš්⎃් ⎀ෙāļļ් āļ…āļŠāˇ€ිāļēāļ§ āļ‘āļģෙ⎄ි ⎀්‍āļēාāļ´ාāļģāļē āļ¸ෙ⎄ෙāļē⎀āļą්āļąේ, āļ‡āļ¸āļģිāļšාāļąු āļĸāļąāļ­ා⎀āļ§ āˇ„ොāļģා āļœෙāļąāļēāļą āļŊāļ¯ āļ¸ැāļ­ි⎀āļģāļą āˇƒොāļģාāļœැāļąීāļ¸ේ ⎃ිāļ§ āļ¸āļģ්āļ¯āļąāļšාāļģී āļąීāļ­ි⎀ිāļģෝāļ°ී āļēුāļ¯්āļ°, ⎀āļ° āļļāļą්āļ°āļą āļ¸ෙāļą්āļ¸ āļĸාāļ­්‍āļēāļą්āļ­āļģ āļ­‍්‍āļģ⎃්āļ­āļēේ āļ…āļąෙāļš් ⎃ිāļēāļŊු ⎀āļģ්āļœāļēේ āļš‍්‍āļģිāļēා⎀āļą් āļ¯āļš්⎀ා ⎀āļą āļ¯āˇāļš āļœāļąāļąා⎀āļš āˇƒාāļ´āļģාāļ°ී āļšāļ§āļēුāļ­ු āļ´ිāļŊිāļļāļŗāˇ€ ⎀āļœāļšි⎀āļēුāļ­ු āļ†āļą්āļŠු ⎄ා āļ´ාāļŊāļą āˇƒං⎃්āļŽාāļ´ිāļ­āļēāļą්⎄ි āļąිāļēෝāļĸිāļ­āļēāļą් ⎀ි⎃ිāļąි.

⎄ීāļŊැ⎀ූ āļ¯ āļąොāļļැāļģෑāļģුāļ¸්⎀ූ āļ¯ āļ¸ාāļ°්‍āļē ⎀ි⎃ිāļą් ⎄ේāļ­ු ⎃ාāļ°āļš āļŊෙ⎃ ⎀ාāļģ්āļ­ාāļšāļģāļą āļŊāļ¯ ”āļĸāļąāļාāļ­āļš āļ…⎀ි” ⎄ා āļšි⎃ි⎃ේāļ­්āļ¸ āļąොāļ´ැ⎀āļ­ිāļēා⎀ූ āļ­‍්‍āļģ⎃්āļ­āˇ€ාāļ¯ී ⎃āļ¸්āļļāļą්āļ°āļšāļ¸් āļ´ිāļŊිāļļāļŗ āļœāļŊ්āļ´ැāļŊෙāļą āļļොāļģු āļ‡āļ¯āļļාāļ¸ිāļą් āļŊāļš්⎂ ⎃ංāļ›්‍āļēාāļ­ āļ¸ිāļąි⎃ුāļą්āļœේ āļĸී⎀ිāļ­ āļļිāļŊිāļœāļ­් āļ‰āļģාāļš āļēුāļ¯්āļ°āļē āļ­ුāļŊāļ§ āļ‡āļ¯āļ¯āļ¸āļą āļŊāļ¯ āļģāļ§āļšි āļ¸ෙāļē.

āļ¸ේ⎀ා āļ¯ āļ…āļąෙāļšුāļ­් āļ…āļ´āļģාāļ° āļ¯ āˇ€āˇƒංāļšāļģāļą āˇ„ෝ āļēුāļš්āļ­ිāˇƒāˇ„āļœāļ­ āļšāļģāļą āļŊāļ¯්āļ¯ේ āļ¸āˇ„āļĸāļąāļ­ා⎀āļ§ āļ…āļ¸ූāļŊිāļš āļļොāļģු āļšීāļ¸ āˇ„ෝ āļģාāļĸ්‍āļē āļģāˇ„āˇƒ් āļ´ිāļŊිāļļāļŗ āļēාāļ¯ිāļą්āļą āļ­ුāļŊිāļą්āļē. āļ¸ෙāļ¸ āļšāļģ්āļ­āˇ€්‍āļēāļē āļ¸ෙāļ­āļģāļ¸්āļ¸ āļ…⎀⎁්‍āļē⎀ āļ‡āļ­්āļ­ේ āļ¯ āļ’ āļ´ිāļŊිāļļāļŗāˇ€ ⎀ිāļšිāļŊීāļš්⎃් ⎀ෙāļļ් āļ…āļŠāˇ€ිāļēāļ§ āļ´āˇ„āļģāļ¯ෙāļą්āļąāˇ€ුāļą් āļ’āˇƒා āļ´āļģිāļ¸ාāļąāļēāļšිāļą් ⎀ෛāļģී āˇƒāˇ„āļœāļ­ āˇ„ා āļļිāļēāļ´āļ­්⎀ āļ‡āļ­්āļ­ේ āļ¯ āļ‘āļļැ⎀ිāļą්āļē.

⎀ිāļšිāļŊීāļš්⎃් ⎀ෙāļļ් āļ…āļŠāˇ€ිāļē āļ´āˇƒුāļœිāļē āļ…āļ´්‍āļģේ‍āļŊ් āļ¸ා⎃āļēේāļ¯ී āļ´‍්‍āļģ⎄ාāļģāļš āˇ„ෙāļŊිāļšොāļ´්āļ§āļģāļēāļš āˇ€ෙāļŠි āļ´‍්‍āļģ⎄ාāļģāļēāļšිāļą් āļģොāļēිāļ§āļģ් āļ¸ාāļ°්‍āļē⎀ේāļ¯ීāļą් āļ¯ෙāļ¯ෙāļąෙāļšු āļ¯ āļ‡āļ­ුāļŊු⎀ āļ‰āļģාāļš āˇ€ැ⎃ිāļēāļą් 15 āļ¯ෙāļąෙāļšු āļ¸āļģුāļ¸ු⎀āļ§ āļ´āļ­්āļšāļŊ āļļැāļœ්āļŠෑāļŠ්⎄ි āļාāļ­āļąāļē āļ…āļŦංāļŸු ”⎃āļ¸ූ⎄ āļාāļ­āļą” āļēāļą āˇ€ීāļŠිāļēෝ āļ´āļ§āļē āļ´‍්‍āļģāļšා⎁āļēāļ§ āļ´āļ­්āļšāļŊේāļē. ⎀ීāļŠිāļēෝ āļ´āļ§āļē ⎄ා āļ­āˇ€āļ­් āļŊේāļ›āļą āļ´ිāļ§āļšāļŊේāļē āļēāļą āļ ෝāļ¯āļąා⎀ āļēāļ§āļ­ේ āļļ‍්‍āļģැāļŠ්āļŊි āļ¸ැāļąිං āļąāļ¸ැāļ­ි āļ´āļŊāļ¸ු āļ´āļą්āļ­ිāļēේ ⎃ොāļŊ්āļ¯ාāļ¯ු⎀ා āļ’ āļ‘āļš්āļšāļ¸ āˇ€ාāļœේ āļ…āļ­්āļ…āļŠංāļŸු⎀āļ§ āļœāļąු āļŊැāļļිāļą. āļ”⎄ු āļ¯ැāļąāļ§ āˇ€āļģ්āļĸිāļąිāļēා⎀ේ āļš්⎀ොāļą්āļ§ිāļšෝ āļļāļą්āļ°āļąාāļœාāļģ āļšුāļ§ිāļēāļš āˇƒිāļģāļœāļ­āļšොāļ§ āļ‡āļ­.

āļ‰āļą් āļ´āˇƒු⎀ āļ´āˇƒුāļœිāļē āļĸූāļŊි āļ¸ා⎃āļēේāļ¯ී āļ´ෙāļą්āļ§āļœāļąāļē ⎀ි⎃ිāļą් āˇ€āˇƒං āļšāļģāļą āļŊāļ¯ āļąිāļģාāļēුāļ° āˇ€ිāļģෝāļ°āļ­ාāļšāļģු⎀āļą් āļ¸āļ§්āļ§āļ¸්āļšāļģ āļ¯ැāļ¸ීāļ¸ āˇ„ා ⎀ි⎁ේ⎂ āļļāļŊāļšාāļēāļą්āļœේ āļාāļ­āļš āļšāļŊ්āļŊි ⎀ි⎃ිāļą් ⎃ිāļ¯ුāļšāļŊ āļාāļ­āļą āļ¯ āļ‡āļ­ුāļŊු ⎃ි⎀ිāļŊ් ⎀ැ⎃ිāļēāļą් āļ¸āļģාāļ¯ැāļ¸ීāļ¸ āˇ€ාāļģ්āļ­ාāļœāļ­āļšāļŊ 391,000āļš āļ´āļ¸āļąāˇ€ූ āļ‡āˇ†්āļœāļąි⎃්āļŽාāļą āļēුāļ¯ āļ´ිāļ§ිāļēේ āļ­ොāļģāļ­ුāļģු āļąිāļšුāļ­් āļšāļŊේāļē.

āļ‰āļš්āļļිāļ­ි⎀ āļ‰āļģාāļš āļģැāļŗāˇ€ිāļēāļą්āļ§ āļ‘āļģෙ⎄ි ⎀āļ° āļļāļą්āļ°āļąāļēේ āļļි⎄ි⎃ුāļąු ⎃ිāļ¯ු⎀ීāļ¸් āļ´ිāļŊිāļļāļŗāˇ€ āļ‘āļš්⎃āļ­් āļĸāļąāļ´āļ¯ āļ¸ිāļŊිāļ§āļģිāļē āļ¯ැāļš්⎀ූ āļąොāļ­ැāļšීāļ¸ āļ¸ෙāļą්āļ¸ āˇƒි⎀ිāļŊ් ⎀ැ⎃ිāļēāļą්āļ§ āļ‘āļģෙ⎄ි āļ­āˇ€āļ­් ⎀ිāļąා⎁āļēāļą් ⎀ාāļģ්āļ­ාāļœāļ­ āļšāļŊ āļ‰āļģාāļš āļēුāļ¯āļ´ිāļ§ිāļēේ āļ­ොāļģāļ­ුāļģු 400,000āļš් ⎀ිāļšිāļŊීāļš්⎃් ⎀ි⎃ිāļą් āļąිāļšුāļ­්āļšāļģāļąු āļŊැāļļිāļą.

āļ¸ෙāļ¸ āļŊේāļ›āļą, ⎄āļ¸ුāļ¯ා ⎃āļ¸āļŸ “āļ‘āļš්⎀ āļœāļ¸āļą්āļœāļ­්” āļ¸ාāļ°්‍āļē ⎀ි⎃ිāļą් āļ´āˇ€āļ­්⎀ාāļœෙāļą āļœිāļē ⎃්⎀āļēං ⎀ාāļģāļąāļēේ āļ†āļ°ාāļģāļē āļ¯ āļ‡āļ­ි⎀ āļģාāļĸ්‍āļē āļšāļ§āļēුāļ­ු āļ´ිāļŊිāļļāļŗ āļąිāļ­්‍āļē āļ­āļ­්⎀āļēāļš් āļļ⎀āļ§ āļ´āļ­්āļšāļģāļœෙāļą āļ­ිāļļෙāļą, āļ†āļą්āļŠු⎀ ⎀ි⎃ිāļą් āļš‍්‍āļģāļ¸ාāļąුāļšූāļŊ⎀ āļēāļ§āļœāˇƒāļą āļŊāļ¯ āļ­ොāļģāļ­ුāļģු āļ¸āˇ„āļĸāļąāļ­ා⎀ ⎄āļ¸ු⎀ේ āļ­āļļāļą āļŊāļ¯ී. āļļු⎂් āļ´āļģිāļ´ාāļŊāļąāļē āļ¸ෙāļą්āļ¸ āļ”āļļාāļ¸ා āļ´ාāļŊāļąාāļ°ිāļšාāļģāļē āļ¯ āˇƒිāļ¯ුāļšāļģ āļ­ිāļļෙāļą āļēුāļ¯ āļ…āļ´āļģාāļ° āļ´ිāļŊිāļļāļŗ āˇƒාāļš්⎂ි ⎃āļ¸්āļˇාāļģāļēāļš් āļ¸ේ āļ¸āļŸිāļą් ⎃āļ´āļēා āļ­ිāļļේ.

āļģාāļĸ්‍āļēāļ­ාāļą්āļ­‍්‍āļģිāļš āļšේāļļāļŊ් āļ´āļąි⎀ිāļŠ 250,000āļą් āļ¸ේāļ­ාāļš් āļ¯ුāļģāļ§ āˇ€ිāļšිāļŊීāļš්⎃් ⎀ෙāļļ් āļ…āļŠāˇ€ිāļē ⎀ි⎃ිāļą් āļ´‍්‍āļģāļšා⎁āļēāļ§ āļ´āļ­්āļšොāļ§ āļ­ිāļļෙāļą්āļąේ 1,000āļ§ āļ…āļŠු ⎃ංāļ›්‍āļēා⎀āļš් ⎀ු⎀āļ­්, āļ´āˇƒුāļœිāļē āļ¸ා⎃āļēේ āļ´‍්‍āļģ⎃ිāļ¯්āļ°ිāļēāļ§ āļ´āļ­්āļšිāļģීāļ¸ āļ†āļģāļ¸්āļˇāˇ€ූ āļ‘āļ¸ āļšේāļļāļŊ් āļ¸āļŸිāļą් āļ¯ැāļąāļ§āļ¸āļ­්, āļ‘āļš්⎃āļ­් āļĸāļąāļ´āļ¯āļē ⎃āļąාāļŽāļšāļģ āļ­ිāļļෙāļą āļēේāļ¸āļąāļēේ ⎃ි⎀ිāļŊ් ⎀ැ⎃ිāļēāļą් 50āļš් āļ¸āļģාāļ¯āļ¸āļ¸ිāļą් āļ´āˇƒුāļœිāļē āļ¯ෙ⎃ැāļ¸්āļļāļģāļēේ āļ‘āļŊ්āļŊ āļšāļģāļą āļŊāļ¯ āļ¸ි⎃āļēිāļŊ් āļ´‍්‍āļģ⎄ාāļģāļē, āļąීāļ­ි⎀ිāļģෝāļ°ී āļ´ැ⎄ැāļģāļœෙāļą āļēාāļ¸් ⎄ා ⎀āļ°āļ¯ීāļ¸්⎀āļŊāļ§ āˇ€āļœāļšි⎀āļēුāļ­ු āļ‘āļš්⎃āļ­් āļĸāļąāļ´āļ¯ āļąිāļŊāļ°ාāļģීāļą්āļ§ āļ‘āļģෙ⎄ි āļ´āļģීāļš්⎂āļą āļ…āļ­්⎄ිāļ§ු⎀āļą āļŊෙ⎃āļ§ āļļāļŊāļšāļģāļ¸ිāļą් āļœෙāļąāļœිāļē ⎀්‍āļēාāļ´ාāļģāļē, āļŠීāļ‘āļą්āļ’ āˇƒාāļ¸්āļ´āļŊ āļ¯ āļ‡āļ­ුāļŊු⎀ āļ‘āļš්⎃āļ­් āļĸාāļ­ීāļą්āļœේ ⎄ා ⎀ිāļ¯ේ⎁ āļ†āļą්āļŠු⎀āļŊ āļąිāļŊāļ°ාāļģීāļą්āļœේ āļ´ුāļ¯්āļœāļŊිāļš āˇ€āļ­āļœොāļ­ āļģැ⎃්āļšිāļģීāļ¸ āˇƒāļŗāˇ„ා āļ‘āļš්⎃āļ­් āļĸāļąāļ´āļ¯ āļąිāļŊāļ°ාāļģීāļą්āļ§ āļ‹āļ´āļ¯ෙ⎃් āļ¯ීāļ¸ āˇ€ැāļąි āļ…āļ´āļģාāļ° āˇ„ා āļšුāļ¸āļą්āļ­‍්‍āļģāļą āļ´ිāļŊිāļļāļŗ āļ’⎄ා ⎃āļ¸ාāļą āļ­ොāļģāļ­ුāļģු āļąිāļģා⎀āļģāļąāļē āļšāļģ āļ‡āļ­.

āļ¸ිāļŊිāļēāļą් āļœāļąāļąāļš් āļąො⎀ේāļąāļ¸් āļŊāļš්⎂ āļœāļąāļąāļš් ⎀āļą āļ¸ිāļąි⎃ුāļą් āļœොāļ¯ුāļģුāļšāļģāļœāļ­් ⎃ැāļļෑ āļ…āļ´āļģාāļ° āˇƒāļŗāˇ„ා ⎀āļœāļšි⎀āļēුāļ­ු ⎀āļą්āļąේ, āļ…āˇƒාāļą්āļĸ්āļœේ āļšāļ§āļēුāļ­ු ”āļ…āļ´āļģාāļ°” āļŊෙ⎃ āļąāļ¸්āļšāļģāļ¸ිāļą් āļ”⎄ුāļœේ āļŊේ āļ‰āļŊ්āļŊා āļšෑāļ¸ොāļģ āļœāˇƒāļą āļ…āļēāļēි.”

āļ ීāļąāļēāļ§ āļ‘āļģෙ⎄ි⎀ āļ‡āļ¸āļģිāļšා⎀ේ āļēුāļ¯ āˇƒැāļŊ⎃ුāļ¸්, āļģු⎃ිāļēා⎀āļ§ āļ‘āļģෙ⎄ි āļąේāļ§ෝ⎀ේ āļēුāļ¯ āˇƒැāļŊ⎃ුāļ¸්, āļ¸්āļŊිāļ§āļģිāļēāļ§ āļ´āļģිāļˇා⎄ිāļģ⎀ ⎁්‍āļģී āļŊංāļšා āļ†āļą්āļŠු⎀ ⎀ි⎃ිāļą්‍ āļාāļ­āļš āļšāļŊ්āļŊි āļēොāļ¯ාāļœැāļąීāļ¸්, ⎁්‍āļģී āļŊංāļšා āļ†āļą්āļŠු⎀ේ āļēුāļ¯ āļ…āļ´āļģාāļ¯ āˇƒāļŗāˇ„ා āļ‡āļ¸āļģිāļšාāļąු āļ†āļą්āļŠු⎀ේ āˇƒāˇ„ාāļē āļ¯ීāļ¸්, 2006  āļ­ාāļēිāļŊāļą්āļ­āļēේ āļģāļĸāļē āļ´ෙāļģāļŊීāļ¸ේ āļšුāļ¸āļ­්‍āļģāļąāļēේ āļ‡āļ¸āļģිāļšාāļąු āļ¸ැāļ¯ි⎄āļ­්⎀ීāļ¸්, āļēේāļ¸āļąāļēේ ⎃ි⎀ිāļŊ් āļĸāļąāļēා ⎀ෙāļ­ āļ…āļ¸āļģිāļšාāļąු āļļෝāļ¸්āļļ ⎄ෙāļŊීāļ¸ේ ⎃ිāļ¯්āļ¯ීāļą්, āļ‘āļš්⎃āļ­් āļĸාāļ­ීāļą්āļœේ ⎃ං⎀ිāļ¯ාāļąāļēේ āļąිāļŊāļ¯ාāļģීāļą්āļœේ āļ­ොāļģāļ­ුāļģු āļģāˇ„āˇƒ් āļŊෙ⎃ ⎃ෙ⎀ීāļ¸ේ āļ‡āļ¸āļģිāļšාāļąු āļ¸ෙ⎄ෙāļēුāļ¸්, āļ‡āļ¸āļģිāļšාāļąු ⎃ීāļ…āļēිāļ’ āļąිāļŊāļ¯ාāļģීāļą්āļœේ āļšෲāļģ ⎀āļ¯āˇ„ිං⎃ා āļ¯ීāļ¸ේ āļ…āļ´āļģාāļ° āļ´ිāļŊිāļļāļŗ āˇ€ිāļˇාāļœ āļšිāļģීāļ¸් āļēāļ§āļœැ⎃ීāļ¸ේ āļ‡āļ¸āļģිāļšාāļąු āļ†āļą්āļŠු⎀ේ āļ¸ැāļ¯ි⎄āļ­්⎀ීāļ¸් āļ†āļ¯ිāļē āļ…āˇƒාāļą්āļĸ් āļ´්‍āļģāļ¸ුāļ› āˇ€ිāļšිāļŊීāļš්⎃් āļ¸āļœිāļą් ⎄ෙāļŊිāļ¯āļģ⎀ු āļšෙāļģිāļąි.

āļŊො⎀ āļ´ුāļģා āļ¸āˇ„ āļĸāļąāļ­ා⎀āļœේ āļŠāļ¸ේāļŊ් āļ‡āļ­ුāļŊු āļ­ොāļģāļ­ුāļģු āļ¯āļ­්āļ­ āļ…āļ­ි āļ¯ැ⎀ැāļą්āļ­ āļ†āļšාāļģāļēෙāļą්  ⎄ොāļģ āļģāˇ„āˇƒේ āļ‘āļšāļ­ුāļšිāļģීāļ¸ āˇ„āļģ⎄ා āļ¸āˇ„āļĸāļąāļ­ා⎀āļœේ ⎄ැ⎃ිāļģීāļ¸ āļ´ිāļŊිāļļāļŗāˇ€ āļ”āļ­්āļ­ු āļļැāļŊීāļ¸ේ āļļ්‍āļģිāļ­ාāļą්‍āļē ⎄ා āļ‡āļ¸āļģිāļšාāļąු  āļ†āļą්āļŠු⎀āļŊ āļ…āļ´āļģාāļ¯ 2013 āˇ€āˇƒāļģේ     āˇ„ෙāļŊිāļ¯āļģ⎀ු āļšිāļģීāļ¸ āˇ„ේāļ­ු⎀ෙāļą් āļ‘āļŠ්⎀āļŠ් ⎃්āļąෝāļŠ්āļą් āļ§āļ¯ āļ…āˇƒාāļą්āļĸ්āļœේ āļ‰āļģāļąāļ¸āļ¸ āļ…āļ­්⎀ිāļąි. āļ”⎄ු āļ¯ැāļą් āļģු⎃ිāļēා⎀ේ āļ¯ේ⎁āļ´ාāļŊāļą āˇƒāļģāļąාāļœāļ­āļēෙāļšු āļŊෙ⎃ ⎃ිāļ§ී.

āļ‰āļģාāļšāļē ⎄ා āļ‡āˇ†්āļœāļąි⎃්āļ­ාāļąāļē āļ­ුāļŊ āļ‡āļ¸āļģිāļšා⎀ේ āļēුāļ¯ āļ…āļ´āļģාāļ¯ āļ´ිāļŊිāļļāļŗ āļŊāļš්⎂ ⎄āļ­ āˇ„āļ¸ාāļģāļš āļ´āļ¸āļą āļŊේāļšāļą āˇ€ිāļšිāļŊීāļš්⎃් ⎀ෙāļ­ āļąිāļ¯āˇ„āˇƒ් āļšāļŊ āļ ෙāļŊෙ⎃ා āļ¸ැāļąිāļą්āļœ් āļ‡āļ¸āļģිāļšාāļąු āļģāļĸāļēāļ§ āļ‘āļģෙ⎄ි āļ”āļ­්āļ­ු āļļැāļŊීāļ¸ āļēāļą āˇƒාāļ´āļģාāļ¯ී āļ ෝāļ¯āļąා⎀āļ§ āˇ€āļģāļ¯āļšāļģු āļšāļģāļąු āļŊැāļļිāļąි.

āļ‘⎄ෙāļ­් āˇ€āˇƒāļģ ⎀ි⎃ිāļ´āˇ„āļš් āļ­ි⎃්⎃ේ āļ…āļ¯ිāļģාāļĸ්‍āļē⎀ාāļ¯ී āļ†āļš්‍āļģāļ¸āļąāļšාāļģී āļēුāļ¯්āļ° āļ¯ිāļēāļ­් āļšāļŊ āļ‡āļ¸āļģිāļšාāļąු āļļු⎂් āļ´āļģිāļ´ාāļŊāļą, āļ”āļļාāļ¸ා ⎄ා āļ§්‍āļģāļ¸්āļ´් āļ´ාāļŊāļą āļ­āļą්āļ­්‍āļģ ⎄ෝ  āļļ්‍āļģිāļ­ාāļą්‍āļē     āļ§ොāļąි āļļ්āļŊෙāļēāļģ්, āļšැāļ¸āļģāļą් āļ´ාāļŊāļą āļ­āļą්āļ­්‍āļģ⎀āļŊ āļ”⎀ුāļą් āļ‡āļ­ුāļŊු⎀ āļšි⎃ි⎀āļšුāļ­් ⎄ෙāļŊිāļ¯āļģ⎀ු ⎀ී āļ‡āļ­ි āļšි⎃ිāļ¯ු āļēුāļ¯ āļ…āļ´āļģාāļ¯āļēāļšāļ§ āļšි⎃ිāļ¯ු āļ…āļ°ිāļšāļģāļąāļēāļšිāļą් ⎀āļģāļ¯āļšāļģු āļšāļģ āļąැāļ­.

āļ°āļąāļ´āļ­ි āļœෝāļŊීāļē āļ†āļģ්āļŽිāļš āļ…āļģ්āļļුāļ¯āļē ⎄āļ¸ු⎀ේ āļ…āļ¯ිāļģාāļĸ්‍āļē⎀ාāļ¯ී āļēුāļ¯්āļ°  āļ¸ෙ⎄ෙāļē⎀āļąු āļŊāļļāļą්āļąේ āļ…āļ­āļŊෙ⎃්⎃āļš් āļļිāļŊිāļēāļąāļ´āļ­ිāļēāļą්āļœේ āļŊාāļˇ āļ´ොāļ¯ි āļ­āļģ āļšිāļģීāļ¸ āˇƒāļŗāˇ„ා āļšāļ¸්āļšāļģු āļ´ංāļ­ිāļēේ ⎄ා āļ´ීāļŠිāļ­ āļ´ංāļ­ිāļēේ āļšāļģ āļ¸āļ­ිāļąි. āļ¸āļĸ⎄āļąāļ­ා⎀ āļ¸āļ­ āļ´්‍āļģāļ­ි ⎀ිāļ´්āļŊ⎀āļē āļš්‍āļģිāļēා⎀āļ§ āļ¯āļ¸āļ¸ිāļą් āļŊො⎀ āļ´ුāļģා āļ†āļą්āļŠු āļ’ āˇ„ෝ āļ¸ේ āļ…āļ°ිāļģාāļĸ්‍āļē⎀ාāļ¯ි āļ†āļą්āļŠු⎀āļŊāļ§ āˇƒේ⎀āļē āļšāļģāļ­ි. āļ‡āļ¸āļģිāļšාāļąු āļ´ාāļŊāļš āļ´ංāļ­ිāļē āļ ීāļąāļēāļ§ āˇ„ා āļģු⎃ිāļēා⎀āļ§ āļ‘āļģෙ⎄ි⎀ āļ­ුāļą්⎀āļą āļŊෝāļš āļēුāļ¯්āļ°āļēāļš් ⎃ැāļŊ⎃ුāļ¸් āļšāļģāļ¸ිāļą් ⎃ිāļ§ී. āļ…āˇƒාāļą්āļĸ් ⎀ැāļą්āļąāˇ€ුāļą් āļ¸ෙāļ¸ āļģāˇ„āˇƒිāļœāļ­ āļ¸ෙ⎄ෙāļēුāļ¸් ⎄ෙāļŊිāļ¯āļģ⎀් āļšිāļģීāļ¸ āļŊො⎀ āļ´ුāļģා āļ†āļą්āļŠු  āļąොāļģි⎃්⎃āļą්āļąේ āļ‘āļļැ⎀ිāļąි.

⎀āļģāļš් āļœොāļ­āļą āļŊāļ¯ āļŊිංāļœිāļš āļ…āļŠāļą්āļ­ේāļ§්āļ§āļ¸් āļšිāļģීāļ¸ේ āļ ෝāļ¯āļąා āļ¸āļ­ āļ…āˇƒාāļą්āļĸ්⎀  āļšොāļ§ුāļšāļģāļœැāļąීāļ¸āļ§ āļšāļģāļą āļŊāļ¯ āˇƒ්⎀ීāļŠāļą āļ†āļą්āļŠු⎀ේ āļ‹āļ­්⎃ා⎄āļē ⎀්‍āļē⎀āļģ්āļ­ āˇ€ිāļąි. 2016 āļ´ෙāļļāļģ⎀ාāļģි āļ¸āˇƒ āļ…āˇƒාāļą්āļĸ් āļ¯āļŠāļēāļ¸් āļšිāļģීāļ¸ ”āļ…āļ­්āļ­āļąෝāļ¸āļ­ිāļš āˇƒිāļģāļœāļ­ āļšිāļģීāļ¸ේ āļ†āļšාāļģāļēāļš්” āļŊෙ⎃ āļąāļ¸් āļšāļģāļ¸ිāļą් āļ”⎄ුāļœේ āļąිāļ¯āˇ„āˇƒ āļšැāļ¯āˇ€ුāļ¸් āļšāļŊ   āļ‘āļš්⎃āļ­් āļĸාāļ­ීāļą්āļœේ ⎃ං⎀ිāļ¯ාāļąāļēේ   āļ…āļ­්āļ­āļąෝāļ¸āļ­ිāļš āˇƒිāļģāļœāļ­ āļšිāļģීāļ¸් āļ´ිāļŊිāļļāļŗ āļš්‍āļģිāļēාāļšාāļģී āļšāļ¸ිāļ§ු⎀ āļ…āļ¯ āļ…āˇƒාāļą්āļĸ් āļ‡āļ¯āļ¯āļ¸ා āļ‡āļ­ි āļ…āļ­ි āļˇāļēංāļšāļģ āļ…āļą්āļ­āļģාāļē āļ´ිāļŊිāļļāļŗ āļ¸ුāļąි⎀āļ­ āļģāļšිāļ¸ිāļą් ⎃ිāļ§ී.   āļŊංāļšා⎀ේāļ¯ , ⎃ෙ⎃ු āļģāļ§āˇ€āļŊāļ¯ āļ¸ාāļ°්‍āļē ⎄ා ⎀්‍āļēාāļĸ ⎀ාāļ¸ āˇƒං⎀ිāļ°ාāļą āļ¯ āļ¸ේ āļ´ිāļŊිāļļāļŗ āļ¸ුāļąි⎀āļ­ āļģāļšී.

āļ…āˇƒාāļą්āļĸ් ⎄ා ⎀ීāļšිāļŊීāļš්⎃් ⎀ි⎃ිāļą් āļšāļģāļąු āļŊැāļļූ āļ†āļą්āļŠු ⎀āļŊ ⎃āļ­්‍āļē ⎄ෙāļŊිāļ¯āļģ⎀ු āļšිāļģීāļ¸ āļ´්‍āļģāļœාāļŠ āļĸාāļ­්‍āļēāļą්āļ­āļģ  āļ…āļģ්āļŽāļˇාāļģāļēāļš් āļ¯āļģāļēි.

 āļ…āˇƒාāļą්āļĸ් āļēāļąු āļĸාāļ­්‍āļēāļą්āļ­āļģ āļšāļ¸්āļšāļģු ⎄ා āļ´ීāļŠිāļ­ āļ´ංāļ­ිāļēේ ⎀ීāļģāļēෙāļšි. āļ”⎄ු āļ†āļą්āļŠු⎀āļŊ ⎀⎄ංāļœුāļšāļŊ āļ…āļ´āļģාāļ¯ āˇ„ා āļšුāļ¸āļą්āļ­්‍āļģāļą āˇ„ෙāļŊිāļšāļģāļą, ⎃āļ­්‍āļē ⎀ෙāļąු⎀ෙāļą් āļĸී⎀ිāļ­āļē āļ´āļģāļ¯ු⎀āļ§ āļ­āļļāļą āļ­āˇ€āļ­් āļ¯āˇ„āˇƒāļšāļœේ āļ†āļ¯āļģ්⎁ āļ´්‍āļģāļ­ිāļ¸ූāļģ්āļ­ිāļēāļšි. ⎃āļ­්‍āļēāļēේ āļ¸ාāļ°්‍āļē⎀ේāļ¯ිāļēෙāļšි. āļĸුāļŊිāļēāļą් āļ…āˇƒාāļą්āļĸ් āļ†āļģāļš්⎂ා āļšිāļģීāļ¸ āļąි⎁්āļ ිāļ­āˇ€āļ¸ āļ´ොāļ¯ු āļ¸āˇ„ āļĸāļąāļ­ා⎀āļœේ āļ¸ුāļ›්‍āļēāļ­āļ¸ āļšāļģ්āļ­āˇ€්‍āļēāļēāļš් āļļ⎀āļ§ āļ´āļ­්⎀āļą්āļąේ āļ‘āļļැ⎀ිāļąි.

āļĸුāļŊිāļēāļą් āļ…āˇƒාāļą්āļĸ් āļ†āļģāļš්⎂ා āļšිāļģීāļ¸ āˇƒāļŗāˇ„ා āļ´ෙāļģāļ§ āļ‘āļą්āļą. āļ•āˇƒ්āļ§්‍āļģේāļŊිāļēාāļąු āļ´ුāļģ⎀ැ⎃ිāļēāļšු āļ¯ āˇ€āļą   āļ”⎄ු āļąිāļ¯āˇ„āˇƒ් āļšāļģ āļœැāļąීāļ¸ āˇƒāļŗāˇ„ා āļļ්‍āļģිāļ­ාāļą්‍āļē, āļ‰āļš්⎀āļ¯ෝāļģ ⎄ා āļ•āˇƒ්āļ§්‍āļģේāļŊිāļēාāļąු  āļ†āļą්āļŠු⎀āļŊāļ§ āļļāļŊ āļšāļģāļ¸ිāļą් āļŊෝāļš āˇƒāļ¸ාāļĸ⎀ාāļ¯ි ⎀ෙāļļ් āļ…āļŠāˇ€ිāļē āļŊො⎀ āļ´ුāļģා  āļœෙāļąāļēāļą āˇƒāļ§āļąāļ§ āļ”āļļāļ­් āļ‘āļš් ⎀āļą්āļą. āļ”⎄ුāļœේ āļąිāļ¯āˇ„āˇƒ ⎀ෙāļąු⎀ෙāļą් , āļˇා⎂āļąāļēේ āļąිāļ¯āˇ„āˇƒ ⎄ා āļ¸ාāļ°්‍āļē āļąිāļ¯āˇ„āˇƒ ⎀ෙāļąු⎀ෙāļą්,  āļ…āļą්āļ­āļģ්āļĸාāļŊ ⎀ාāļģāļąāļēāļ§ āļ‘āļģෙ⎄ි⎀ ⎄ා āļ†āļą්āļŠු⎀āļŊ āļ¸āˇ„āļĸāļąāļēාāļ§ āļ‘āļģෙ⎄ි āļ…āļ´āļģාāļ° āˇ„ෙāļŊිāļ¯āļģ⎀ු āļšිāļģීāļ¸ āˇ€ෙāļąු⎀ෙāļą් āļ´ෙāļąී ⎃ිāļ§ිāļą āˇƒිāļē āļœāļąāļąිāļą් āļšāļ¸්āļšāļģු⎀āļą්, āļ­āļģුāļąāļēිāļą්, āļļුāļ¯්āļ°ිāļ¸āļ­ුāļą්, āļšāļŊාāļšāļģු⎀āļą් āļ…āļ­āļģ āļ”āļļāļ­් āļ‘āļš්⎀āļą්āļą.

āļ´āˇ„āļ­ āļēොāļ¸ු ⎀ෙāļ­ āļ´ි⎀ි⎃ෙāļą්āļą.

For international action to defend Julian Assange!

āļĸුāļŊිāļēāļą් āļ…āˇƒාāļą්āļĸ් āļ†āļģāļš්⎂ා āļšිāļģීāļ¸ේ āļĸාāļ­්‍āļēāļą්āļ­āļģ ⎀්‍āļēාāļēාāļ¸āļē ⎀ෙāļąු⎀ෙāļą්!

The Campaign to Free Julian Assange

Wednesday, March 28, 2018

Sri Lanka government to establish special anti-corruption courts targeting Political opponents

The Sirisena-Wickremasinghe government of Sri Lanka is rushing to push through a law that will establish a special criminal courts system to function outside the regular court system in order to target political opponents. The government whip minister Gayantha Karunathilaka presented the bill, as an amendment to the Judicature Act, to the Parliament on March 05.

The system of Courts called Permanent High Courts at Bar, branded by the ruling United National Party chiefs as Anti-Corruption High Courts will have powers to hear the cases selectively filed in the form of direct indictment by the Attorney General and the Director General for the Prevention of Bribary and Corruption(DGPBC). The judges are nominated by the Judicial Service Commission and the Minister  can decide the number and place  of the Courts. Under the normal procedure it is the Chief Justice who can appoint a trial-at-bar to hear gruesome cases of murder and rape, while the proposed law will institute permanent trial-at-bar courts and vest the power of initiating cases on the executive and administrative authorities.

The scheduled offences triable by these Courts include almost all financial and public property related offences including bribary and corruption and money laundering. The courts must hear the cases on day-to-day basis and conclude expeditiously.
The bill as a whole is unconstitutional and anti-democratic.  The sole discretion of instituting action in these Courts against arbitrarily selected suspects is placed on the Attorney General and the DGPBC without any oversight either by way of a magisterial inquiry or by the Commission to Investigate Bribery or Corruption respectively, contrary to the regular procedure. It usurps the right of an accused for a fair trial and impinges upon independence of the judiciary.

The bill is exemplary of the practice of successive governments of Sri Lanka notoriously exploiting its courts and the legal system to suppress working class struggles and intimidate political opponents.

Backed by United States to change the regime of former president Mahinda Rajapakshe in order to distance the island from the influence of China to suit US geo-strategic demands within the region,  the Sirisena-Wickremasinghe government was installed in January 2015, claiming to fight against corruption and establish good governance. Since then, the government has been targeting Rajapakshes and members of his Joint Opposition for various allegations of corruption, though this campaign subsided in the backdrop of the revelations of  of the bond scam directly implicating chiefs of the ruling United National Party(UNP).

In August last year, in response to several ministers blaming government during  Parliament sessions for failing to take actions against the frauds and corruption of the Rajapakshe government, Ministers Rajitha Senarathna, Patali Champika Ranawaka, Mangala Samaraweera and Sarath Fonseka called to setup a separate court to hear the cases of corruption and frauds during the last government. The ministers were aware of the rapid growth of public discontent about the government which could keep to none of the election promises, while Rajapakshe faction was to benefit from the aggravating circumstances. The revival of the anti-corruption campaign was to divert the public dissatisfaction against the government.

President Sirisena hypocritically blamed, also in August last year, that his government has "failed to put an end to corruption and waste". In January, after the report on the Central Bank bond scam was released and addressing a local government election rally, he declared he would ensure that the corrupt politicians from whatever party would be sent to prison and then to hell before he quit office.  He tweeted "my term ends the day corrupt politicians, murderers and thieves are brought to justice.”

Malik Smarawickrama, UNP Chairman and Development Strategies and International Trade Minister told media in January, " the UNP is putting an end to the days of rampant corruption under the previous regime that robbed people of their future" and that it is " strengthening [our] courts and forcing through reforms that will enable us to properly prosecute those under the previous government that stand guilty of corruption".

The bill was brought under severe circumstances of economic instability, growing class tensions and massive financial scandals. Between 2019 and 2022 the government has to pay US $ 3.6 billion annually as debt-repayments. The cash-strapped government has been compelled to implement more austerity measures dictated by the International Monetary Fund (IMF) in order to receive financial assistance and face militant struggles against budget cuts, tax-hikes and for pay increases by the working class, youth and the rural poor.

The coalition went to further political crisis in the aftermath of the local government elections  in early February, which exposed widespread opposition to the ruling parties. The newly-formed Sri Lanka Podujana Peramuna (SLPP), led by Rajapakse, could win control of the majority of local councils, on the basis of widespread public dissatisfaction over government's austerity measures and pro-imperialist policies. Amidst the crisis of the coalition after the election results, the US and Indian government stepped into "advise" that the ruling parties continued the coalition, which led to a sham cabinet reshuffle.

Seven years after the lifting of emergency rule in Sri Lanka, in early March,  Sirisena declared State of Emergency on the backdrop of the anti-Muslim violence carried out by a Sinhala-Buddhist racist mob in the central Kandy district, fomented by the Sri Lankan ruling class to divert the growing working-class opposition to its austerity program. The government capitalized the racist provocations to ban social media for a week. Last week,  Wickremasinghe unveiled the government's plan to introduce laws to regulate freedom of speech over the internet.

Since January, the Joint Opposition led by Rajapakshe was gathering support for a no-confidence motion against Wickremasinghe, on the basis of his alleged involvement in the bond scam, which was handed over to the speaker of the parliament last week(21st).

Countering the fragility of the ruling government requires that its political opponents are suppressed at any cost. While Rajapakshe and his associates will be prime target in view of the general election to come, these new laws will be employed against any political faction to compel continued support for the coalition.

Several members of the Joint Opposition proceeded to the Supreme Courts challenging the bill. The Rajapakshe and his faction has no concern whatsoever of the democratic rights and living standards of the broad masses. Instead, they are worried about the growing threats against their survival and deprivation of their privileges. Once coming into power,  they will also use these laws to suppress any political opposition in turn.

The anti-corruption crusade is the slogan of many oppressive regimes all over the world,  including those of Cyril Ramaphosa of South Africa, Xi  Jingping  of China to Rodrigo Duterte of Phillipine. They exploit rampant corruption, which is endemic in the capitalist nation state system, to sideline political opposition and to divert working class fighting against social counter- revolution, leading to anti-democratic and authoritarian rule.

Thursday, March 8, 2018

⎀āļģ්āļœāˇ€ාāļ¯āļēāļ§ āļ‘āļģෙ⎄ි⎀ āļ´āļą්āļ­ි ⎀ිāļ¤්āļ¤ාāļĢāļē


⎀āļģ්āļœāˇ€ාāļ¯āļēāļ§ āļ‘āļģෙ⎄ි⎀ āļ´āļą්āļ­ි ⎀ිāļ¤්āļ¤ාāļĢāļē

āļģāļ§ේ ⎀ි⎀ිāļ° āļ´්‍āļģāļ¯ේ⎁⎀āļŊ āļ¸ු⎃්āļŊිāļ¸් āļ´ීāļŠිāļ­ āļ¸āˇ„āļĸāļąāļ­ා⎀āļ§ āļ‘āļģෙ⎄ි⎀ āļ‘āļŊ්āļŊ āļšāļģāļąāļŊāļ¯ āˇ€ාāļģ්āļœිāļš āļ¸්āļŊේāļĄ āļ´්‍āļģ⎄ාāļģ ⎃ිāļēāļŊු āļšāļ¸්āļšāļģු āļ´ීāļŠිāļ­ āļ¸āˇ„āļĸāļąāļ­ා⎀ āļ´ිāļŊිāļšුāļŊිāļą් āļēුāļ­ු⎀ ⎄ෙāļŊා āļ¯ැāļšිāļē āļēුāļ­ුāļē.  ⎃ිං⎄āļŊ ⎀āļģ්āļœāˇ€ාāļ¯ී āļąāļŠ āˇ€ි⎃ිāļą් āļ¸ෙ⎄ෙāļē⎀āļą āļŊāļ¯ āļ¸ෙāļ¸ āļ´්‍āļģ⎄ාāļģ ⎃ෑāļ¸ āļ…āļąුāļ´්‍āļģාāļ´්āļ­ිāļš āļ°āļąāļ´āļ­ි   āļģāļĸāļēāļš්  ⎃ේā āļ…āļģ්āļļුāļ¯ āļœ්‍āļģ⎃්āļ­  ⎃ිāļģි⎃ේāļą-⎀ිāļš්‍āļģāļ¸āˇƒිං⎄  āļ†āļą්āļŠු⎀ ⎀ි⎃ිāļą් āļ‰āˇ€āˇƒා ⎃ිāļ§ිāļēා āļ´āļ¸āļąāļš් āļąො⎀ āļ‘āļēāļ§ āļ…āļąුāļļāļŊ āļ¯ෙāļ¸ිāļą් ⎀ාāļģ්āļœිāļš āļģේāļ›ා āļ¸āļ­ āˇƒිං⎄āļŊ āļ¸ු⎃්āļŊිāļ¸් āļšāļ¸්āļšāļģු āļ´ීāļŠිāļ­ āļ¸āˇ„ āļĸāļąāļ­ා⎀ ⎀ිāļģ⎃āļš āļšොāļ§ āļļෙāļ¯ා āļ¯ැāļš්⎀ීāļ¸ āˇƒāļ¯āˇ„ා āļšāļ§āļēුāļ­ු āļšāļģāļąු āļŊැāļļීāļē.  āļ†āļą්āļŠු⎀ ⎀ැāļŠāļ§ āļļැ⎃ āļ‡āļ­්āļ­ේ āļ´්‍āļģāļĸාāļ­āļą්āļ­්‍āļģ ⎀ිāļģෝāļ°ී ⎄āļ¯ි⎃ි āļąීāļ­ිāļē āļš්‍āļģිāļēාāļ­්āļ¸්āļš āļšāļģāļ¸ිāļą්,  ⎃āļ¸ාāļĸ āļ¸ාāļ°්‍āļē āļĸාāļŊා āļ…⎀⎄ිāļģ āļšāļģāļ¸ිāļą් ⎄ා āļ¸ිāļŊිāļ§āļģි ⎄ා āļ´ොāļŊි⎃් āļ¸āļģ්āļ¯āļąāļē āļ¯ිāļœේāļŊි āļšāļģāļ¸ිāļąි. 

āļ¸ෙāļ¸ āļ­āļ­්āļ­්⎀āļē āļēāļ§āļ­ේ ⎃ිං⎄āļŊ āļ¸āˇ„ āļĸāļąāļ­ා⎀ ⎀āļģ්āļœāˇ€ාāļ¯āļēāļ§ āļœො⎃් āļ‡āļ­ැāļēි āļœෙāļą āļēāļą āļ´්‍āļģāļ¯ාāļą āļ°ාāļģා⎀ේ āļ¸ාāļ°්‍āļē ⎄ා ⎃āļ¸ාāļĸ āļĸාāļŊ āļ´්‍āļģāļ ාāļģ āļ‘⎄ි ⎄āļģāļēෙāļą්āļ¸ āˇ€āļŗāļē. ⎀āļģ්āļœāˇ€ාāļ¯āļē āļ¸āˇ„ āļĸāļąāļ­ා⎀ āļ¸āļ­ āˇƒැāļ¸āˇ€ිāļ§āļ¸ āļ´ිāļ§āļ­ිāļą් āļ´āļ§āˇ€āļą්āļąāļšි. āļ”⎀ුāļą් āļ‘āļ¯ිāļąෙāļ¯ා āļ…āļ­්⎀ිāļ¯ිāļą āļšāļ§ුāļš āļĸී⎀āļą āļ…āļ­් āļ¯ැāļšීāļ¸් ⎀āļŊāļ§ āˇ€ි⎃āļ¯ුāļ¸් āļąොāļ¯ෙāļą āļ†āļą්āļŠු āļ”⎀ුāļą් āļ¸āļ­ āļšāļ´්āļ´ාāļ¯ු ⎀ැāļŠāļ´ිāļŊි⎀ෙāļŊ āļš්‍āļģිāļēා⎀āļ§ āļ¯ැāļ¸ීāļ¸āļ­් ⎃āļ¸āļœ āļ°āļąāˇ€ාāļ¯ී āļ…āļģ්āļļුāļ¯ āˇƒāļ¸āļēේāļ¯ී ⎃ැāļļෑ ⎃āļ¸ාāļĸ⎀ාāļ¯ී ⎀ිāļšāļŊ්āļ´ āļ¯ේ⎁āļ´ාāļŊāļą āļ‰āļ¯ිāļģිāļ¯āļģ්⎁āļąāļēāļš් ⎀⎄ංāļœුāļšāļŊ āļģිāļš්āļ­āļšāļē āļ­ුāļŊ ⎀āļģ්āļœāˇ€ාāļ¯ී ⎀ි⎁āļļීāļĸ āļē⎄āļ¸ිāļą් āļ´ෝ⎁āļąāļē āļšāļģ āļ‹āļ­්⎃āļą්āļą āļšෙāļģේ.

⎃ෑāļ¸ āļģāļ§āļšāļ¸ āˇ€āļģ්āļœāˇ€ාāļ¯ීāļą් āļ°āļąāˇ€ාāļ¯āļēේ āļ…āļ­ි⎁āļē āļ…āļģ්āļļුāļ¯ āˇƒāļ¸āļēāļą්⎄ි ⎀āļģ්āļœāˇ€ාāļ¯āļē āļą්‍āļēාāļēāļœāļ­ āļšිāļģිāļ¸āļ§ āˇ„ා  ⎀āļœා āļšිāļģීāļ¸āļ§ āļ‡āļ­ිāļ­āļģāļ¸් āļšāļģුāļąු āļ‰āļ¯ුāļģිāļ´āļ­් āļšāļģāļąු āļ‡āļ­. āļ’ āˇƒෑāļ¸ āļšāļģුāļąāļšāļ¸ āļ´ොāļ¯ු ⎃ාāļ¯āļšāļē āļŊෙ⎃ āļ­āļ¸ āˇ€āļģ්āļœāļēාāļœේ āļ…āļąāļą්‍āļēāļ­ා⎀āļē āļ§  ⎄ා āļ‘āļēāļ§ āļ‡āļ­ි ⎀āļģāļ´්‍āļģ⎃ාāļ¯āˇ€āļŊāļ§ āļ‘āļģෙ⎄ි⎀ āļ‡āļ­ි āļŠāļąිāļēා āļ­āļģ්āļĸāļąāļēāļš් āļ¸āļ­ු āļšෙāļģේ. āļļො⎄ෝ ⎀ිāļ§ āļ‘āļšී āļšāļģුāļąු āļ‰āļ­ි⎄ා⎃āļē āļ¸ු⎃ාāļšāļģāļąāļēāļ§ āļŊāļš් āļšිāļģීāļ¸ෙāļą් ⎀්‍āļēුāļ­්āļ´āļą්āļą āļšāļģāļąු āļŊැāļļේ. āļšෙ⎃ේ āļąāļ¸ුāļ­් āļ¸ෙāļ¸ āˇ€්‍āļēාāļ´ාāļģ⎀āļŊ āļ…āˇ€āˇƒāļą් āļ´්‍āļģāļ­ිāļĩāļŊāļē ⎀āļą්āļąේ  ⎀ෛāļģී ⎀ාāļģ්āļœිāļš āļ´්‍āļģāļ āļą්āļŠāļ­්⎀āļē āļ­āˇ€āļ­් āļĸāļą āļšොāļ§්āļ§ා⎁āļēāļšāļ§ āļ‘āļģෙ⎄ි⎀  āļ¸ුāļ¯ා ⎄ැāļģීāļ¸āļēි. 

⎀āļģ්āļœāˇ€ාāļ¯ීāļą්āļœේ āļ’ āˇ„ෝ āļ¸ේ āļą්‍āļēාāļēිāļš āˇ„ා  āļ“āļ­ි⎄ා⎃ිāļš āļ­āļģ්āļš āˇƒāļ¸āļœ āļ´ැāļ§āļŊීāļ¸ āˇƒāˇ„āļ¸ුāļŊිāļą්āļ¸ āļąිāļģāļģ්āļ­āļšāļē. āļ°āļąāˇ€ාāļ¯ී āļĸාāļ­ිāļš āļģාāļĸ්‍āļē āļ´āļ¯්āļ°āļ­ිāļē āļ­ුāļŊ ⎀āļģ්āļœāˇ€ාāļ¯āļē āļ…āļ­්‍āļē⎀⎁්‍āļē āļ…ංāļœāļēāļšි.  āļ”āļąෑāļ¸ āˇ€āļģ්āļœāˇ€ාāļ¯āļēāļšāļ§ āļ‘āļģෙ⎄ි  ⎃ැāļļෑ āļ¯ේ⎁āļ´ාāļŊāļą āļ‰āļ¯ිāļģිāļ¯āļģ්⎁āļąāļēāļš් āļ´āļ¯āļąāļ¸් ⎀ිāļē āļēුāļ­්āļ­ේ ⎀āļģ්āļœāˇ€ාāļ¯āļē āļ´āļ¯āļąāļ¸් āļšෙāļģෙāļą āˇ„ා āļ¸ිāļąි⎃් ⎃ං⎄āļ­ිāļē ⎀ාāļģ්āļœිāļš āļģේāļ›ා ⎄āļģ⎄ා āļļෙāļ¯ා āļ¯ැāļš්⎀ීāļ¸ āļ¸āļ­ āļ´āļ¯āļąāļ¸් ⎀āļą āļļංāļšොāļŊොāļ­් āļ°āļąāļ´āļ­ි āļš්‍āļģāļ¸āļēāļ§āļ¸ āļ‘āļģෙ⎄ි⎀ āļšāļģāļą āļš්‍āļģāļ¸ āˇ€ිāļģෝāļ¯ී āļ…āļģāļœāļŊāļēāļš් āļ¸āļ­āļē. 

āļ°āļąāˇ€ාāļ¯āļēේ āļ…āļģ්āļļුāļ¯ āˇƒāļ¸āļē āļēāļąු āļ‘āļš් āļ…āļ­āļšිāļą් ⎀āļģ්āļœāˇ€ාāļ¯āļē, āļĸාāļ­ිāļšāˇ€ාāļ¯āļē, āļ†āļģāļš්⎁āļąāˇ€ාāļ¯āļē, āļĸාāļ­ිāļš āˇƒං⎁ෝāļ¯āļąāˇ€ාāļ¯āļē āļ‡āļ­ුāļŊු  ⎃ිāļēāļŊු āļ†āļšාāļģāļēේ āļ´්‍āļģāļ­ිāļœාāļ¸ීāļ­්⎀āļēāļą් ⎀āļģ්āļ°āļąāļē āļšāļģāļą āļ…⎀āļ¯ිāļēāļš් ⎀āļą āļ…āļ­āļģāļ¸, āļ…āļąිāļš් āļ´āˇƒිāļą් āļ‘āļē āļ´āļą්āļ­ි āļ…āļģāļœāļŊāļēේ āļ‹āļ ්āļ āļ­āļ¸ āļ…⎀āļ¯ිāļēāļš් āļ¯ āˇ€ේ. 

⎀ි⎀ිāļ°ාāļšාāļģāļēේ ⎀ිāļ¤්āļ¤ාāļĢ⎀ාāļ¯ී āļ¸ිāļ­්‍āļēා⎀āļą්āļ§   āļ‘āļģෙ⎄ි⎀  āļ“āļ­ි⎄ා⎃ිāļš āˇƒāļ­්‍āļē ⎃āļ¯āˇ„ාāļ­් āļĸාāļ­්‍āļēāļą්āļ­āļģ⎀ාāļ¯āļē ⎃āļŗāˇ„ාāļ­් āļˇෞāļ­ිāļšāˇ€ාāļ¯ී⎀ āļ¸āˇ„āļĸāļąāļ­ා⎀ āļ‹āļœāļą්⎀ා āļœāļąිāļ¸ිāļą් āļšāļ¸්āļšāļģු āļ´ීāļŠිāļ­ āļ¸āˇ„ āļĸāļąāļ­ා⎀ āļ‘āļš් āļšāļģāļąු āļŊāļļāļą āļ­āļ¸ āļ´āļą්āļ­ි ⎀ිāļ¤්āļ¤ාāļĢāļē ⎃āļŗා⎄ා ⎃āļ§āļą් āļšිāļģීāļ¸ āļ‘āļšී  āļš්‍āļģāļ¸āˇ€ිāļģෝāļ¯ී ⎄ා ⎀āļģ්āļœāˇ€ාāļ¯āļēāļ§ āļ‘āļģෙ⎄ි āļ…āļģāļœāļŊāļēේ āļ…āļ­්‍āļē⎀⎁්‍āļē āļšොāļą්āļ¯ේ⎃ිāļē ⎀ේ.

Image credit to hindustantimes

Thursday, February 15, 2018

āļ…⎀ුāļšāļą, ⎃ීāļœිāļģි āļ­ාāļš්⎂āļĢāļēේ āļ´āˇ්āļ ාāļ­් ⎄ෙāļŊීāļąිāļ­ිāļš, āļ‰āļą්āļ¯ු ⎄ා ⎃ිāļąො āļ‹āļģුāļ¸āļē


āļ‰āļ­ි⎄ා⎃āļē: āļ…āļ´ෝ⎄āļš āļˇෞāļ­ිāļšāˇ€ාāļ¯ී ⎄ා āļĸාāļ­්‍āļēāļą්āļ­āļģ⎀ාāļ¯ී āļ…āļ°්‍āļēāļēāļą

01. 
āļŊංāļšා⎀ේ āļ…⎀ුāļšāļą, ⎃ීāļœිāļģි āļ­ාāļš්⎂āļĢāļēේ āļ´āˇ්āļ ාāļ­් ⎄ෙāļŊීāļąිāļ­ිāļš, āļ‰āļą්āļ¯ු ⎄ා ⎃ිāļąො āļ‹āļģුāļ¸āļē
01 āļšොāļ§āˇƒ
āļ´ැāļģāļąි āļŊංāļšා⎀ āļ¯āļ­් āļŊෝāļšāļē

āļœ්‍āļģීāļšāļēāļą් ⎀ි⎃ිāļą් āļš්‍āļģි.āļ´ූ.4 ⎀āļą āˇƒිāļē āˇ€āˇƒේ ⎃ිāļ§  āļš්‍āļģි.⎀. 5 ⎀āļą āˇƒිāļē āˇ€āˇƒ ⎄ා āļ‰āļą් āļ´āˇƒු⎀āļ­්  āļ­āļ´්‍āļģොāļļේāļą් āļŊෙ⎃ ⎄ැāļ¯ිāļą් ⎀ූ  āļ´ුāļģාāļą āļŊංāļšා⎀ āļ‘āļšāļŊ ⎃ිāļ§ āļ‰āļą්āļ¯ිāļēāļą් ⎃ාāļœāļģāļēේ āļĸාāļ­්‍āļēāļą්āļ­āļģ  āˇ€ෙāļŊāļŗ āļ¸āļ°්‍āļē⎃්āļ­ාāļąāļēāļš්⎀ āļ´ැ⎀āļ­ි āļļ⎀āļ­්‍  āļ’ āļ…āļąු⎀ āļŊංāļšා⎀ āļ‰āļ­ි⎄ා⎃āļē āļ´ුāļģා ⎀ි⎁ාāļŊ ⎀⎁āļēෙāļą් ⎀ිāļ¯ේ⎁ීāļē  āļ¯āļąුāļ¸ āˇ„ා āļ­ාāļš්⎂āļĢāļē  āļ¸āļ­ āļ´āļ¯āļąāļ¸් ⎀ුāļąු āļļ⎀āļ§āļ­්  āļ¸ෙāļ¸ āļŊිāļ´ිāļēෙāļą් āļēෝāļĸāļąා āļšිāļģීāļ¸āļ§ āļ…āļ¯āˇ„āˇƒ් āļšෙāļģේ. āļ­āˇ€āļ¯ āļ¯ීāļģ්āļœ āļšාāļŊීāļą  āļģාāļĸාāļą්āļŠු āļ´ාāļŊāļą āļš්‍āļģāļ¸āļēāļš් ⎄ා ⎀ැāļŠāˇ€āˇƒāļ¸් ⎃āļ¸ාāļĸ āļ†āļģ්āļŽිāļš āļš්‍āļģāļ¸āļēāļš āļ¸ිāļąි⎃් ⎁්‍āļģāļ¸āļē ⎃ූāļģා āļšෑāļ¸āļ§ āļŊāļš් āļšāļŊ ⎀්‍āļēු⎄āļēāļš් āļ­ුāļŊ ⎃āļšāˇƒ් āļšෙāļģුāļąු āļ´්‍āļģාāļŽāļ¸ිāļš āļąි⎂්āļ´ාāļ¯āļą āˇƒāļļāļŗāļ­ා  ⎄āļģ⎄ා āļ´ැāļģāļąි āļŊංāļšා⎀ āļ­ුāļŊāļ¸ āˇ€āļģ්āļ°āļąāļē āļšෙāļģුāļąු  āļ¯ේ⎁ීāļē ⎀ිāļ¯්‍āļēා⎀āļš් ⎄ා āļ­ාāļš්⎂āļąිāļš āļ¯āļąුāļ¸āļš්  āļ´ැ⎀āļ­ීāļ¸ේ ⎀ා⎃්āļ­āˇ€ිāļš āļšොāļą්āļ¯ේ⎃ි ⎀ිāļģ⎄ිāļ­  āļšෙāļģුāļąු āļļ⎀ā āļēෝāļĸāļąා āļšෙāļģේ. āļ‘āļē āļ¯ේ⎁ීāļē āļ¯āļąුāļ¸් āļąි⎂්āļ´ාāļ¯āļąāļē ⎃āļ¸්āļļāļą්āļ¯ āˇ€ිāļĨ්‍āļēාāļąāˇ€ාāļ¯ී ⎄ා  ⎃ිං⎄āļŊ āļĸාāļ­ිāļšāˇ€ාāļ¯ී āļ´්‍āļģ⎀ාāļ¯āļēāļ§ āļ…āļˇිāļēෝāļœ āļšāļģāļąු āļ‡āļ­ි āļ…āļ­āļģ āļ¯āļąුāļ¸ āļ´ිāļŊිāļļāļŗ āļ…āļ´ෝ⎄āļš āļˇෞāļ­ිāļšāˇ€ාāļ¯āļē ⎄ා āļĸාāļ­්‍āļēāļą්āļ­āļģ⎀ාāļ¯āļē āļ­āˇ„⎀āļģු āļšāļģāļąු āļ‡āļ­. 


āļ…āļąුāļģාāļ°āļ´ුāļģ āļģාāļĸāļ°ාāļąිāļē āļš්‍āļģි.āļ´ූ.377 āļ­් āļš්‍āļģි.⎀. 1017 āļ…āļ­āļģ āļ´ැ⎀āļ­ි āļļ⎀āļ§ āˇƒාāļ°āļš āļ­ිāļļේ. āļ´āļą්āļŠුāļšාāļˇāļē, āļ¯ේ⎀āļąāļ¸්āļ´ිāļē āļ­ි⎃්⎃, āļ¯ුāļ§ුāļœැāļ¸ුāļąු, āļ¸āˇ„ා⎃ේāļą, ⎀āļŊāļœāļ¸්āļļා, āļ¯ාāļ­ු⎃ෙāļą, ⎃ීāļœිāļģි āļšා⎁්‍āļēāļ´ āļ‘āļ¸ āļ´āļģිāļ ්āļĄේāļ¯āļēේ āļ´්‍āļģāļ°ාāļą  āļģāļĸුāļą් ⎀ූ āļļ⎀āļ§ āˇƒāļ¯āˇ„āļą්āļē. āļ¸ෙāļ¸ āļšාāļŊāļēේ ⎃ිāļ§āļ¸ āļŊංāļšා⎀āļ§ āˇ€ිāļ¯ෙ⎃් āļģāļ§āˇ€āļŊ් ⎃āļ¸āļœ āˇ€ෙāļŊāļ¯ āˇƒāļļāļŗāļ­ා āļ¸ෙāļą්āļ¸ āļģාāļĸ āļ­ාāļą්āļ­්‍āļģිāļš āˇƒāļļāļ¯āļ­ාāļ¯ āļ´ුāļŊුāļŊ්⎀ āļ´ැ⎀āļ­ිāļļ⎀āļ§ āļ´āļģ්āļēේ⎂āļą āˇ€ාāļģ්āļ­ා ⎃āļąාāļŽ āļšāļģāļēි. 

āļ¸ූāļŊිāļšāˇ€āļ¸, āļŊංāļšා⎀ āļšෘ⎂ිāļšාāļģ්āļ¸ිāļš āļ†āļģ්āļŽිāļšāļēāļš් ⎀āļģ්āļ°āļąāļē āļšිāļģීāļ¸āļ§ āļ´ෙāļģ ⎃ිāļ§āļ¸ āļĸාāļ­්‍āļēāļą්āļ­āļģ ⎀ෙāļŊāļ¯ාāļ¸ āˇ„āļģ⎄ා āļŊංāļšා⎀ ⎀ෙāļŊāļŗ āļģාāļĸ්‍āļēāļēāļš්  āļŊෙ⎃ ⎀ැāļĸāļšෙāļąි.  āļ¸ේ ⎄ේāļ­ු⎀ෙāļą්ā āļŊංāļšා⎀ āļ‘āļšāļŊ āļ‰āˇ„āļŊ āļ¸āļ§්āļ§āļ¸ේ ⎀ිāļ¯ේ⎁ ⎃āļ¸්āļļāļą්āļ¯āļ­ා āļ´ැ⎀āļ­්⎀ූ āļģාāļĸ්‍āļēāļēāļš් ⎀ āļ´ැ⎀āļ­ිāļąි.  āļ´ැāļģāļąි āļēුāļģෝāļ´āļē, āļ‰āļą්āļ¯ිāļēාāļąු āļšāļŊාāļ´āļē ⎄ා āļ ීāļąāļē ⎃āļ¸āļœ āļ¯ āļŊංāļšා⎀ āļ´්‍āļģāļļāļŊ ⎀ෙāļŊāļŗ āˇ„ා āļģාāļĸ āļ­ාāļą්āļ­්‍āļģිāļš āˇƒāļļāļŗāļ­ා āļ´ැ⎀āļ­්⎀ිāļē. āļ‘āļąāļ¸් āļ‘āļē āļšි⎃ි⎃ේāļ­්āļ¸ āļ…āļą්āļ°āļšාāļģāļēේ āļ´ැ⎀āļ­ි ⎄ුāļ¯āļšāļŊා āļģාāļĸ්‍āļēāļš් āļąො⎀ිāļąි. 

āļŊංāļšා⎀ේ āļ´ුāļģාāļą āˇ€ෙāļŊāļ¯ාā

āļšෘ⎂ිāļšāļģ්āļ¸āļē āļ…āļ­ිāļą් ⎃්⎀āļēංāļ´ෝ⎁ිāļ­  āļšාāļŊ ⎀āļŊāļ¯ී ⎀āļ­් āļŊංāļšා⎀ āļšි⎃ි⎀ිāļ§āļš āˇƒāˇ„āļŊ් āļ…āļ´āļąāļēāļąāļē āļąොāļšāļŊේāļē. āļ¸ිāļąි, āļ¸ුāļ­ු āˇƒāˇ„ āļ‡āļ­්āļ­ු āļ¯ āļ´āˇƒු ⎀ āļšුāļģුāļ¯ු āļ¯ āļ…āļąුāļģාāļ°āļ´ුāļģ āļēුāļœāļēේ ⎃ිāļ§ āļ´්‍āļģāļ°ාāļą āļ…āļ´āļąāļēāļą āļˇාāļą්āļŠ āˇ€ිāļē. āļģāļĸුāļœේ āļ…āļąāˇƒāļš āļēāļ§āļ­ේ āļ‘āļąāļ¸් āļģාāļĸ්‍āļē āļ…āļąුāļœ්‍āļģ⎄āļē ⎄ා āļ…āļ°ීāļš්⎁āļąāļē āļēāļ§āļ­ේ ⎃ිāļ¯ුāļšෙāļģුāļąු āļĸāļ­්‍āļēāļą්āļ­āļģ ⎀ෙāļŊāļ¯ාāļ¸ āļģāļ§āļ§ āˇ€ිāļ¯ේ⎁ ⎀ිāļąිāļ¸āļē āļœෙāļąා āļ† āļ…āļ­āļģ  āļ´්‍āļģāļ°ාāļą āˇ€āˇāļēෙāļą්  āļ‘āļ¸ āļ†āļ¯ාāļēāļ¸ āˇ€ැ⎀ු āļ…āļ¸ුāļąු ⎄ා āļœොāļŠāļąැāļœිāļŊි āļąිāļģ්āļ¸ාāļąāļēāļ§ āļēෙāļ¯āˇ€ිāļąි. āļ¯ේ⎁ීāļē⎀ āļ‘āļšāļ­ු āļšāļŊ āļļāļ¯ු ⎄āļģ⎄ා ⎃ීāļ¸ිāļ­  ⎃ු⎄ ⎃ාāļ¯āļą āˇƒේ⎀⎀āļą් āļ¯ āļąāļŠāļ­්āļ­ු āļšෙāļģිāļąි.  āļģāļ§ āļ­ුāļŊ āļąāļœāļģ ⎄ා āļœāļ¸් ⎀⎁āļēෙāļą් āļļෙāļ¯ුāļąු āļšāļŊාāļ´ āļ´ැ⎀āļ­ි āļ…āļ­āļģ āļąāļœāļģ ⎄ා āļœāļ¸් āļ…āļ­āļģ ⎀ෙāļŊāļ¯ාāļ¸ āˇƒිāļ¯ු ⎀ිāļąි. āļœāļ¸්āļ¸ාāļą āļšි⎃ි⎀ිāļ§āļš āˇƒāļģ්⎀ ⎃්⎀āļēංāļ´ෝ⎁ිāļ­ āˇ€ූāļēේ āļąැāļ­.

āļšāļ¸āļŊිāļšා āļ´ීāļģි⎃් ⎄ා ⎃ුāļ¯āļģ්⎁āļą් ⎃ෙāļąෙ⎀ිāļģāļ­්āļą āļŊිāļēāļą āļ´āļģිāļ¯ි āļ´්‍āļģාāļœ් āļ“āļ­ි⎄ා⎃ිāļš āļēුāļœāļēේ ⎃ිāļ§āļ¸āļ­්, ⎀ි⎁ේ⎂āļēෙāļą් āļš්‍āļģි.āļ´ු.900 ⎃ිāļ§ āļš්‍āļģි.āļ´ූ.400 āļ¯āļš්⎀ා āļšාāļŊāļēේāļ¯ීāļ­් āļŊංāļšා⎀ේ āļšāļ¯ුāļģāļ§ āļ¸ැāļąිāļš් ⎄ා āļ´ා⎁ාāļą, āļŊāļļා āļœැāļąීāļ¸ āˇƒāļŗāˇ„ා āļ‹āļ­ුāļģු āļ‰āļą්āļ¯ිāļēා⎀ෙāļą් ⎀ෙāļŊāļ¯ුāļą් āļŊංāļšා⎀āļ§ āļ´ැāļ¸ිāļą āļ‡āļ­. āļŊංāļšා⎀ේ āļ¸ුāļŊු āļˇූāļ¸ිāļēāļ¸ āļ­āļąි āļģāļ§āļš් āļŊෙ⎃ āļ´ාāļŊāļąāļē ⎀ීāļ¸āļ§ āļ´āļ§āļą් āļœāļ­් āļ…āˇ€āˇƒ්āļŽා⎀ ⎀ීāļ¸āļ§āļ­් āļ´්‍āļģāļŽāļ¸ āļ¸ෙāļ¸ āˇ€ෙāļŊāļŗ āļœāļąු āļ¯ෙāļąු ⎃ිāļ¯ු⎀ී āļ­ිāļļේ. ⎀ාāļąිāļĸ āļēāļą āˇ€āļ āļąāļē āļŊංāļšා⎀ේ ⎀ි⎀ිāļ° āļ´්‍āļģāļ¯ේ⎁⎀āļŊිāļą් ⎄āļ¸ු ⎀ූ ⎁ිāļŊා āļŊිāļ´ි⎀āļŊ ⎃ොāļēා āļœෙāļą āļ‡āļ­. āļ¸ේ ⎃āļ¸āˇ„āļģāļš් āļš්‍āļģි.āļ´ූ.1 ⎄ා 2 ⎁āļ­āˇ€āļģ්⎂ ⎀āļŊāļ§ āļ…āļēāļ­්‍ ⎀ේ. āļš්‍āļģි.āļ´ූ.2 ⎁āļ­ āˇ€āļģ්⎁āļēේāļ¯ී āļģāļ§ේ āļ¯āļšුāļąේ āļœොāļŠāˇ€ාāļē āļēāļą āļąා⎀ිāļš āļ­ොāļ§ුāļ´ොāļŊිāļą් āļˇාāļą්āļŠ āļ‡āˇ†්āļœāļąි⎃්āļ­ාāļąāļēāļ§ āļēැ⎀ුāļąි. 

āļ…āļąුāļģාāļ°āļ´ුāļģ āļēුāļœāļēේāļ¯ී āļģāļ§ේ ⎃ෑāļ¸ āļšāļŊාāļ´āļēāļšāļ¸ āˇ€ාāļąිāļĸ āļœāļąු āļ¯ෙāļąු ⎃ිāļ¯ු ⎀ිāļąි. āļšොāļŊāļš, āļļāļŊāļ´ිāļ§ිāļē, āļ¯ෙāļļāļģ⎀ැ⎀ ⎄ා āļ¸ාāļ­āļģ āļ‡āļ­ුāļŊු āļšāļŊාāļ´ āļšි⎄ිāļ´āļēāļšිāļą්āļ¸් āļģෝāļ¸ āļšා⎃ි āļ‘āļš් ⎃්āļŽාāļąāļēāļšිāļą් āļ¯āˇ„āˇƒāļšāļ§ āˇ€ැāļŠ් āļ´්‍āļģāļ¸ාāļąāļēāļš් āļļැāļœිāļą් ⎄āļ¸ු⎀ී āļ­ිāļļේ. āļ‘āļąāļ¸් āļģāļ§ේ ⎀ි⎀ිāļ° āˇƒ්āļŽාāļąāˇ€āļŊ ⎀ිāļ¯ේ⎁ ⎃ංāļ ිāļ­ āļ­ිāļļී āļ‡āļ­. 

āļ¸ිāļą් āļ‡āļŸāˇ€ුāļ¸් āļšෙāļģෙāļą āļ¯ේ āļļො⎄ෝāļē. āļ‰āļą් āļ´්‍āļģāļ¯ාāļąāļ¸ āˇ€āļą්āļąේ āļąා⎀ිāļš āļœāļ¸āļąා āļœāļ¸āļąāļē ⎃āļ¸්āļļāļą්āļ¯ āļ‘āļšāļŊ āļŊංāļšා⎀ේ āļ¸ිāļąු⎃ුāļą්āļ§āļ¯ āļ…āļąෙāļš්  ⎀ෙāļŊāļ¯ āļģāļ§āˇ€āļŊ් ⎀āļŊāļ§ āļ¸ෙāļą්āļ¸ āļ´āˇ„āˇƒුāļšāļ¸් ⎄ා āļ…āļ¯ාāļŊ āļąා⎀ිāļš āļ­ාāļš්⎂āļĢāļē  āļ­ිāļļුāļąු āļļ⎀āļēි. āļ‹āļ­ුāļģු āļ‰āļąāļ¯ිāļēා⎀ āļēāļąු āļąිāļģāļą්āļ­āļģ āļ¸āļ°්‍āļēāļ¯āļģāļąී āļœොāļŠāļļිāļ¸් āļšāļŊාāļ´āļē ⎄ා āļēුāļģොāļ´āļē ⎃āļ¸āļœ āˇƒāļļāļ¯āļ­ා āļ´ැ⎀āļ­්⎀ූ ⎁ි⎂්āļ§ාāļ ාāļģāļē āļšි. āļ‘ āļ…āļąු⎀ āļ´ැ⎄āļ¯ිāļŊි⎀āļ¸ āļ‹āļ­ුāļģු āļ‰āļą්āļ¯ිāļēාāļąු āļ¯ැāļąුāļ¸ āļŊංāļšා⎀āļ§ āˇƒංāļš්‍āļģāļ¸āļąāļē ⎀ීāļ¸āļ§ āļ…⎀⎁්‍āļē āļ­āļģāļ¸් āļ‰āļŠ āļ´්‍āļģ⎃්āļŽා ⎀ි⎀āļģ⎀ āļ´ැ⎀āļ­ුāļąු āļļ⎀āļ§ āļąිāļœāļ¸āļąāļē āļšāļŊ ⎄ැāļš. 

āļš්‍āļģි.⎀.976 ⎃ිāļ§ 1265 āļšාāļŊāļēāļ§ āļ…āļēāļ­් ⎃ෑāļ¸ āļ ීāļą āļ…āļ°ිāļģාāļĸ්‍āļēāļēෙāļšුāļœේāļ¸ āļšා⎃ි āļ…āļąුāļģාāļ°āļ´ුāļģāļē , āļ´ොāļŊොāļą්āļąāļģු⎀ , āļ¯ැāļŠිāļœāļ¸, āļēාāļ´āˇ„ු⎀, āļšුāļģුāļąෑāļœāļŊ āļ†āļ¯ී  ⎃්āļŽාāļą āˇ€āļŊිāļą් ⎄āļ¸ු ⎀ී āļ­ිāļļේ. 3 ⎄ා 4 ⎀āļą āˇāļ­āˇ€āļģ්⎂ ⎀āļŊāļ§ āļ…āļēāļ­් āļšāļŊා āļ”āļē, ⎀āļŊ⎀ේ āļœāļŸ, āļ¯ැāļ¯ුāļģු āļ”āļē ⎄ා āļšැāļŊāļĢි āļœāļŸ āļ†āˇ්‍āļģිāļ­ āˇ€ෙāļŊāļŗ āļąāļœāļģ āļ­ිāļļුāļąු āļļ⎀āļ§ āˇƒාāļš්⎂ි ⎄āļ¸ු⎀ී āļ­ිāļļේ. 

āļš්‍āļģි.āļ´ූ.4 ⎀āļą āˇƒිāļēāˇ€āˇƒ ⎃ිāļ§ āļš්‍āļģි.⎀. 4 ⎀āļą āˇƒිāļēāˇ€āˇƒ āļ¯āļš්⎀ා āļąැāļœෙāļąāˇ„ිāļģ -āļļāļ§āˇ„ිāļģ ⎀ෙāļŊāļŗාāļ¸ේ āļšේāļą්āļ¯්‍āļģ⎃්āļŽාāļąāļē ⎀ූāļēේ āļ‰āļą්āļ¯ිāļēා⎀āļēි. āļ‰āļą්āļ¯ිāļēාāļąු ⎀āļģාāļē ⎀āļŊāļ¯ී āļŊාංāļšිāļš āˇ€ෙāļŊāļ¯ුāļą් āļœ්‍āļģීāļš āˇ„ා āļģෝāļ¸ āˇ€ෙāļŊāļŗුāļą්āļ§ āļ­āļ¸ āļˇාāļą්āļŠ āˇ€ිāļšුāļąා āļ¯ැāļ¸්āļ¸ෝāļē. 5 ⎀āļą āˇāļ­āˇ€āļģ්⎂āļēේāļ¯ී āļŊංāļšා⎀ āļąැāļœෙāļąāˇ„ිāļģ-āļļāļ§āˇ„ිāļģ ⎀ෙāļŊāļŗ āļ¸ාāļģ්āļœ āˇ€āļŊ ⎃āļą්āļ°ි⎃්āļŽාāļąāļēāļš් āļļ⎀āļ§ āļ´āļ­් ⎀ිāļąි. āļŊංāļšා ⎀āļģාāļē ⎀āļŊāļ¯ී āļ´āļģ්⎃ිāļēා, āļ ීāļą, āļ‰āļ­ිāļēෝāļ´ිāļēාāļąු, āļ‰āļą්āļ¯ිāļēාāļąු ⎀ෙāļŊāļ¯ුāļą් āļļāļŠු ⎄ු⎀āļ¸ාāļģු āļšāļģ āļœāļą්āļąා āļŊāļ¯ී.

āļ¸āļ­ු ⎃āļ¸්āļļāļą්āļ¯āļēි...

Wednesday, January 31, 2018

āļĸාāļ­්‍āļēāļą්āļ­āļģ āļ¸ූāļŊ්‍āļē āļ…āļģāļ¸ුāļ¯āļŊ āļŊංāļšා⎀ේ āļ†āļą්āļŠු⎀āļ§ āļšāļ´්āļ´ාāļ¯ු ⎀ැāļŠāļ´ිāļŊි⎀ෙāļŊ āļšāļŠිāļąāļ¸් āļšāļģāļą āļŊෙ⎃ āļ…⎀āļ°ාāļģāļąāļē āļšāļģāļēි

⎃ංāļĸāļē āļĸāļē⎃ේāļšāļģ ⎀ි⎃ිāļąි, 2018 āļĸāļąāˇ€ාāļģි 28


āļĸාāļ­්‍āļēāļą්āļ­āļģ āļ¸ූāļŊ්‍āļē āļ…āļģāļ¸ුāļ¯āļŊ (āļĸාāļ¸ූāļ…) 2018 āˇ€āˇƒāļģ āļ­ුāļŊ ⎄ා āļ‰āļą් āļ”āļļ්āļļāļ§ āˇ්‍āļģී āļŊංāļšා⎀ ⎀ි⎃ිāļą් āļš්‍āļģිāļēා⎀āļ§ āļ¯ැāļ¸ිāļē āļēුāļ­ු āļšāļ´්āļ´ාāļ¯ු ⎀ැāļŠāļ´ිāļŊි⎀ෙāļŊ āļšැāļ§ිāļšāļģ āļ¯āļš්⎀āļą āļšාāļģ්āļē ⎃ාāļ°āļą āˇ€ාāļģ්āļ­ා⎀āļš් āļąිāļšුāļ­්āļšāļģ āļ‡āļ­.

2016 āļĸුāļąි āļ¸ා⎃āļēේ ⎃ිāļ§ āļŊංāļšා⎀ āļ´āˇ€āļ­ිāļą්āļąේ āļĸාāļ¸ූāļ… āˇ€ි⎃ිāļą් ⎀ි⎃්āļ­ාāļģāļąāļē āļšāļģāļą āļŊāļ¯ āļ…āļģāļ¸ුāļ¯āļŊිāļą් āļ‡āļ´āļēāļ§ āļąāļē āļ¯ීāļ¸ේāļ¯ී āļ´ොāļģොāļą්āļ¯ු⎀ූ ⎀ැāļŠāļ´ිāļŊි⎀ෙāļŊ āļēāļ§āļ­ේ āļļ⎀ āļ‘āļ¸ āˇ€ාāļģ්āļ­ා⎀ āļēāļŊි āļ¸āļ­āļš් āļšāļģ āļ¯ෙāļēි. āļ¸ුāļŊ්‍āļē ⎄ිāļŸāļēāļšිāļą් āļ´ෙāļŊෙāļą āļĸāļąාāļ°ිāļ´āļ­ි āļ¸ෛāļ­්‍āļģීāļ´ාāļŊ ⎃ිāļģි⎃ේāļąāļœේ ⎄ා āļ…āļœāļ¸ැāļ­ි āļģāļąිāļŊ් ⎀ිāļš‍්‍āļģāļ¸āˇƒිං⎄āļœේ āļ†āļą්āļŠු⎀ āļœෙ⎀ුāļ¸් ⎁ේ⎂ ⎄ිāļŸāļē āļ¸āļ°්‍āļēāļēේ āļĸාāļ¸ූāļ… āˇ€ෙāļ­ිāļą් āļŠොāļŊāļģ් āļļිāļŊිāļēāļą 1.5āļš āļąāļē āļ¸ුāļ¯āļŊāļš් āļŊāļļාāļœāļ­් āļ­āļ­ු āļ­ුāļŊ ⎁්‍āļģීāļŊංāļšා⎀ ⎃ිāļ§ිāļą්āļąේ āļĸාāļ¸ූāļ…⎄ි āļ¯ැāļŠි āļ…āļ°ීāļš්⎂āļąāļēāļš් āļēāļ§āļ­ේ āļē.
⎁්‍āļģී āļŊංāļšා⎀ āļ¸āļ­ āļ´āļąāˇ€ා āļ‡āļ­ි āļšොāļą්āļ¯ේ⎃ි, āļēුāļģෝāļ´ා ⎃්āļŽා⎀āļģāļ­්⎀ āļēාāļą්āļ­‍්‍āļģāļąāļē āļēāļ§āļ­ේ āļĸාāļ¸ූāļ…, āļēුāļģෝāļ´ා āļšොāļ¸ි⎃āļ¸ āˇ„ා āļēුāļģෝāļ´ා āļ¸āˇ„ āļļැංāļšු⎀ āļēāļą “āļ­්‍āļģිāļ­්⎀āļē” āˇ€ි⎃ිāļą් āļœ්‍āļģී⎃ිāļē ⎄ා ⎃්āļ´ාāļ¤්āļ¤āļē āļ¸āļ­ āļ´āļąāˇ€āļą āļŊāļ¯ āļšොāļą්āļ¯ේ⎃ි ⎃ි⎄ිāļēāļ§ āļąං⎀āļēි.
āļĸාāļ¸ූāļ… āˇ€ි⎃ිāļą් ⎁්‍āļģී āļŊංāļšා⎀ āļ¸āļ­ āļ´āļąāˇ€āļą āļšොāļą්āļ¯ේ⎃ි, ⎀ැāļŠāļšāļģāļą āļĸāļąāļēාāļœෙāļą් āļļāļ¯ු āļ¸ිāļģිāļšා āļœāļąිāļ¸ිāļą් āļ†āļą්āļŠු⎀ේ ⎀ිāļēāļ¯āļ¸් āļšැāļ´ීāļ¸āļšāļ§ āļœැāļ§āļœāˇƒāļąු āļŊැāļļ āļ­ිāļļේ. 2015 āļ¯ී āļ¯āļŊ āļ¯ේ⎁ීāļē āļąි⎂්āļ´ාāļ¯ිāļ­āļēෙāļą් (āļ¯āļ¯ේāļąි) ⎃ිāļēāļēāļ§ 7.2āļš් ⎀ූ āļ…āļē⎀ැāļē āļ´āļģāļ­āļģāļē 2020 ⎀āļąāˇ€ිāļ§ āˇƒිāļēāļēāļ§ 3.5āļš් āļ¯āļš්⎀ා āļ…āļŠු āļšිāļģීāļ¸ āļ´ිāļąි⎃ āļ¯ැ⎀ැāļą්āļ­ āļŊෙ⎃ āļ†āļą්āļŠු⎀ේ ⎀ිāļēāļ¯āļ¸් āļšāļ´්āļ´ාāļ¯ු⎀āļš් ⎃ිāļ¯ු āļšිāļģීāļ¸ āļ¸ෙāļēāļ§ āļ‡āļ­ුāļŊāļ­් āļē.
āļ¸ූāļŊ්‍āļē āļ­āļ­්āļ­්⎀āļē ⎁āļš්āļ­ිāļ¸āļ­් āļšිāļģීāļ¸ -āļ‘āļąāļ¸් āļ…āļē⎀ැāļē āļ´āļģāļ­āļģāļē āļšැāļ´ීāļ¸-, āļ†āļ¯ාāļēāļ¸් āļģැ⎃්āļšāļģ āļœැāļąීāļ¸ -āļ‘āļąāļ¸් āļļāļ¯ු āļ‰āˇ„āļŊ āļ¯ැāļ¸ීāļ¸ āˇ„ා āļ†āļ¯ාāļēāļ¸් ⎃āļ¸ුāļ ්āļĄāļē āļšāļģāļœැāļąීāļ¸ āļ…āļŠංāļœු āļšāļ´්āļ´ාāļ¯ු “⎀ැāļŠāļ´ිāļŊි⎀ෙāļŊ āļēāļ§āļ­ේ ⎀āļą āļš්‍āļģිāļēාāļšාāļģීāļ­්⎀āļē āļļො⎄ෝ ⎃ෙāļēිāļą් āļąි⎀ැāļģāļ¯ි āļ¸ා⎀āļ­ේ āļ´āˇ€āļ­ිāļą” āļļ⎀ āļĸāļąāˇ€ාāļģි 12āļ¯ා āļąිāļšුāļ­් āļšāļŊ āļĸාāļ¸ූāļ… āˇ€ාāļģ්āļ­ා⎀ ⎃āļŗāˇ„āļą් āļšāļģāļēි. āļ‘⎄ෙāļ­් ”āļ´‍්‍āļģāļ­ි⎃ං⎃්āļšāļģāļą āļœාāļ¸āļšāļē āļ…āļ›āļą්āļŠ āˇ€ āļ´āˇ€āļ­්⎀ා āļœැāļąීāļ¸ේ āļ…āļˇිāļēෝāļœāļē” āļ­āˇ€ āļ¯ුāļģāļ§āļ­් āļ´āˇ€āļ­්āļąා āļļ⎀ āļ‘āļ¸ āˇ€ාāļģ්āļ­ා⎀ āļšිāļēා ⎃ිāļ§ී. “āļ†āļģ්āļŽිāļšāļē āļšāļ¸්āļ´āļąāļēāļą්āļ§ āļœොāļ¯ුāļģු ⎀ීāļ¸ේ āļ…āļą්āļ­āļģාāļēāļšාāļģී āļšාāļŊāļēāļš āˇƒිāļ§ිāļēāļ¯ීāļ¸, 2018 āˇ€āˇƒāļģේ āļ´āļ§āļą් āļ†āļą්āļŠු⎀ āļ…āļ°ිāļš āļąāļē āļ†āļ´āˇƒු āļœෙ⎀ීāļ¸āļš āļ…āļˇිāļēෝāļœāļēāļ§ āļ¯ āļ¸ු⎄ුāļą āļ¯ී ⎃ිāļ§ිāļą” āļļ⎀ āļ‘āļē āļšී⎀ේ āļē.
āļģāļĸāļēāļ§ āļ…āļēāļ­් ⎀්‍āļēāˇ€āˇƒාāļēāļēāļą් āļ´ුāļ¯්āļœāļŊීāļšāļģāļąāļē āļšිāļģීāļ¸ේ āļ´āˇ€āļ­ිāļą āļ¸āļą්āļ¯āļœාāļ¸ීāļ­්⎀āļē ⎄ා āļ†āļ¯ාāļēāļ¸් āļ´āļģāļ­āļē āļ…āļŠු āļšිāļģීāļ¸ේ āļ…⎀⎁්‍āļēāļ­ා⎀ āļœැāļą āˇ€ාāļģ්āļ­ා⎀ ⎃ිāļē āļ‹āļ­්⎃ුāļšāļē āļ´āļŊ āļšāļģ āļ‡āļ­. ⎃ිāļē ⎀ැāļŠāļ´ිāļŊි⎀ෙāļŊāļ§ āļļāļŊāļ´ාāļą āļ…āļąෙāļš් āļ…ං⎁āļē āļŊෙ⎃ āļĸාāļ¸ූāļ… āˇƒāļŗāˇ„āļą් āļšāļģ āļ‡āļ­්āļ­ේ “2020 āļĸාāļ­ිāļš āļ¸ැāļ­ි⎀āļģāļąāļē ⎀āļąāˇ€ිāļ§ āˇƒāļˇාāļœ āļ†āļą්āļŠු⎀ේ āļ¯ේ⎁āļ´ාāļŊāļą āļ‘āļšāļ¸ුāļ­ුāļšāļ¸ āˇ€ිāļš්‍āļģිāļē ⎀ිāļē ⎄ැāļšි⎀ීā āļēි.
āļĸාāļ¸ූāļ…āļ§ āļ´āˇ€āļ­ිāļą āļ‹āļ­්⎃ුāļšāļēāļą් ⎀āļąා⎄ි āļ…āļą් āļšි⎃ි⎀āļš් āļąො⎀ āļ´ුāļ¯්āļœāļŊීāļšāļģāļąāļē, āļšāļ¸්āļšāļģු⎀āļą් ⎄ා āļ¯ුāļœීāļą්āļœේ ⎃ුāļˇāˇƒාāļ°āļą āˇƒāˇ„āļąාāļ°ාāļģ āļšāļ´්āļ´ාāļ¯ු⎀ ⎄ා āļļāļ¯ු āļ‰āˇ„āļŊ āļ¯ැāļ¸ීāļ¸ āˇ€āˇ„āˇ€āˇ„ාāļ¸ āļš්‍āļģිāļēා⎀āļ§ āļ¯āļ¸ාāļœැāļąීāļ¸āļēි.
āļ†āļą්āļŠු⎀ ⎁්‍āļģී āļŊංāļšāļą් āļ‘āļēාāļŊāļēිāļą් āļœු⎀āļą් ⎃ේ⎀āļē ⎀ිāļšුāļąා āļ¯ැāļ¸ීāļ¸ āˇƒāļŗāˇ„ා āļ´ුāļ¯්āļœāļŊිāļš āļœැāļąුāļ¸්āļšāļģු⎀ෙāļšු ⎃ොāļēāļ¸ිāļą් ⎃ිāļ§ී. āļŊංāļšා āļļැංāļšු⎀ ⎄ා āļ¸āˇ„āļĸāļą āļļැංāļšු⎀ āļēāļą āļģාāļĸ්‍āļē āļļැංāļšු āļ¯ෙāļš āļšොāļŊāļš āļšොāļ§āˇƒ් ⎀ෙāļŊāļŗāļ´ොāļŊේ āļŊැāļēි⎃්āļ­ු āļšāļģāļą āļļ⎀āļ­් āļ’⎀ාāļēේ ⎀āļœāļšීāļ¸ෙāļą් āļ†āļą්āļŠු⎀ āļąිāļ¯āˇ„āˇƒ් ⎀ීāļ¸ āļ…āļ´ේāļš්⎂ා āļšāļģāļą āļļ⎀āļ­් 2018 āļ…āļē⎀ැāļē āļšāļ­ා⎀ේ āļ¯ී āļ¸ුāļ¯āļŊ් āļ‡āļ¸āļ­ි āļ¸ංāļœāļŊ ⎃āļ¸āļģ⎀ීāļģ āļąි⎀ේāļ¯āļąāļē āļšāļŊේ āļē. āļ†āļą්āļŠු⎀ ⎃ූāļ¯ාāļąāļ¸් āļšāļģāļą āļ´‍්‍āļģ⎄ාāļģāļē āļœැāļą āļļැංāļšු āļ¯ෙāļšෙ⎄ි ⎃ේ⎀āļē āļšāļģāļą 40,000āļšāļ§ āļ†āˇƒāļą්āļą āˇƒේ⎀āļšāļēāļą් āļ…āļ­āļģ āļšැāļŊāļšිāļŊ්āļŊāļš් ⎀āļģ්āļ°āļąāļē ⎀ෙāļ¸ිāļą් āļ­ිāļļේ.
āļŊංāļšා ⎀ිāļ¯ුāļŊිāļļāļŊ āļ¸āļą්āļŠāļŊāļē, āļŊංāļšා āļ›āļąිāļĸ āļ­ෙāļŊ් āļąීāļ­ිāļœāļ­ āˇƒං⎃්āļŽා⎀, āļœු⎀āļą් āļ­ොāļ§ුāļ´ොāļŊ ⎄ා āļœු⎀āļą් ⎃ේ⎀ා āļ¯ෙāļ´ාāļģ්āļ­āļ¸ේāļą්āļ­ු⎀, āļĸාāļ­ිāļš āļĸāļŊ ⎃āļ¸්āļ´ාāļ¯āļą āˇ„ා āļĸāļŊාāļ´āˇ€ා⎄āļą āļ¸āļą්āļŠāļŊāļē āˇƒāˇ„ ⎁්‍āļģී āļŊංāļšා ⎀āļģාāļē āļ…āļ°ිāļšාāļģිāļē ⎀ැāļąි ⎃ිāļēāļŊු āļ¸ āļ´‍්‍āļģāļ°ාāļą āļ´ෙāļŊේ āļģාāļĸ්‍āļē ⎀්‍āļēāˇ€āˇƒාāļēāļēāļą් āļ¯ැāļąāļ§ āļ¸āļ­් ⎀ාāļąිāļĸāļšāļģāļą “⎃ංāļœāļ­ āļ…āļˇිāļ´‍්‍āļģාāļēāļą්” ⎃āļŗāˇ„ා āļŊැāļēි⎃්āļ­ුāļœāļ­ āļšāļģāļąු āļŊැāļļ āļ­ිāļļේ. āļ†āļą්āļŠු⎀ේ āļ¸ූāļŊ්‍āļē ⎃āļ¸්āļ´ාāļ¯āļąāļē āļ¸āļ­ āļģāļŗා āļąො āļ´āˇ€āļ­ිāļą āļŊෙ⎃ āļ’⎀ාāļ§ āļ‹āļ´āļ¯ෙ⎃් āļŊāļļා āļ¯ී āļ‡āļ­. āļ¸ෙāļ¸ āˇƒං⎃්āļŽා⎀āļą්⎄ි āļ’āļšාāļļāļ¯්āļ° āļ´ාāļŠු⎀ āļģුāļ´ිāļēāļŊ් āļļිāļŊිāļēāļą 52āļš් āļļ⎀ ⎀ාāļģ්āļ­ා⎀ ⎃āļŗāˇ„āļą් āļšāļŊේ āļē.
⎀ාāļąිāļĸāļšāļģāļąāļē āļēāļ§āļ­ේ āļ¸ෙāļ¸ āļ†āļēāļ­āļą āˇ€ි⎃ිāļą් ⎃āļ¸්āļ´ාāļ¯āļąāļē āļšāļģāļą āˇ€ිāļ¯ුāļŊිāļļāļŊāļē, āļĸāļŊāļē, āļ­ැāļ´ැāļŊ්, āļ¯ුāļ¸්āļģිāļē ⎄ා āļ…āļąෙāļšුāļ­් ⎃ේ⎀ා⎀āļą්⎀āļŊ āļœා⎃්āļ­ු āļ­ිāļēුāļąු āļŊෙ⎃ āļ‰āˇ„āļŊ āļ¯ැāļ¸ීāļ¸āļš් āļĸාāļ¸ූāļ… āļļāļŊාāļ´ොāļģොāļ­්āļ­ු ⎀ේ. “...2018 āļ¸ාāļģ්āļ­ු ⎀āļąāˇ€ිāļ§ āļ‰āļą්āļ°āļą āļ¯ āˇƒැāļ´්āļ­ැāļ¸්āļļāļģ් ⎀āļąāˇ€ිāļ§ āˇ€ිāļ¯ුāļŊිāļļāļŊāļē āļ¯ āˇƒāļŗāˇ„ා ⎃්⎀āļēංāļš්‍āļģීāļē⎀ āļ¸ිāļŊ āļ­ීāļą්āļ¯ු ⎀āļą āļēාāļą්āļ­‍්‍āļģāļąāļēāļš් āļšැāļļිāļąāļ§් āļ¸āļą්āļŠāļŊāļē ⎀ි⎃ිāļą් āļ…āļąුāļ¸āļ­ āļšāļģāļąු āļ‡āļ­ි” āļļ⎀ āļĸාāļ¸ූāļ… āˇ€ිāļ¸āļģ්⎁āļąāļē āļšී⎀ේ āļē. āļēෝāļĸāļąා āļšāļģāļąු āļŊāļļāļą්āļąේ āļ¸ිāļŊāļœāļąāļą් āļ¯ාāļ¸ āļ´‍්‍āļģāļ­ිāļš්‍āļģිāļēා⎀āļš් āļŊෙ⎃ āļ‰āˇ„āļŊ āļēාāļ¸āļ§ āˇ„ේāļ­ු⎀āļą āļ´āļģිāļ¯ි āļ‰āļą්āļ°āļą āˇ„ා ⎀ිāļ¯ුāļŊිāļļāļŊāļē ⎃āļŗāˇ„ා āļ…āļēāļšāļģāļą āļœා⎃්āļ­ු ⎀ැāļŠිāļšිāļģීāļ¸ āļēි.
āļ¸ෙāļ¸ āļšāļ´්āļ´ාāļ¯ු āļ´ිāļē⎀āļģāļēāļą් āļģැāļšිāļēා, ⎃ේ⎀ා ⎄ා āļĸී⎀āļą āļšොāļą්āļ¯ේ⎃ි āļ¸āļ­ āļļāļŊāļ´ාāļ¸ිāļą් āļ†āļģ්āļŽිāļš āˇ€āļģ්āļ°āļąāļē āļ´āˇ„āļŊ āļ¯ැāļ¸ීāļ¸āļ§ āļ¯ āļ­ුāļŠුāļ¯ී āļ­ිāļļේ.
⎄ිāļ§āļ´ු āļĸāļąාāļ°ිāļ´āļ­ි āļ¸āˇ„ිāļą්āļ¯ āļģාāļĸāļ´āļš්⎂ āļ¯ෙāļ¸āļŊ āļŠāļŊāļ¸් ⎀ිāļ¸ුāļš්āļ­ි āļšොāļ§ි ⎃ං⎀ිāļ°ාāļąāļēāļ§ āļ‘āļģෙ⎄ි ⎀ āļ¯ෙāļ¸āļŊ ⎀ිāļģෝāļ°ී āļēුāļ¯්āļ°āļē āļœෙāļąāļēāļ¸ිāļą් ⎄ා āļ¸āļģ්āļ¯āļą āļ´ිāļē⎀āļģāļēāļą් āļēොāļ¯ාāļœāļąිāļ¸ිāļą් 2006 ⎃ිāļ§ āˇ€ැāļ§ුāļ´් āļšැāļ§ිāļšිāļģීāļ¸āļš් āļ´āˇ€āļ­්⎀ාāļœෙāļą āļœිāļēේ āļē. āļģාāļĸāļ´āļš්⎂ āļ­āļą්āļ­‍්‍āļģāļē 2009 āļ´āļ§āļą් āļĸාāļ¸ූāļ… āˇ€ි⎃ිāļą් āļąිāļēෝāļœ āļšāļģāļą āļŊāļ¯ āļšāļ´්āļ´ාāļ¯ු āļ´ිāļē⎀āļģāļēāļą් āļ¯ āļ´ැāļ§āˇ€ීāļē. 2015 āļ¸ුāļŊ āļĸāļąාāļ°ිāļ´āļ­ි ⎃ිāļģි⎃ේāļą āļļāļŊāļēāļ§ āļ´ැāļ¸ිāļąි āļ´āˇƒු āļšāļ¸්āļšāļģු⎀āļą් ⎄ා āļ¯ුāļœීāļą් āļ…āļ­āļģ āļšෝāļ´āļē āļ…āļ´āˇƒāļģāļąāļē āļšිāļģීāļ¸ āˇƒāļŗāˇ„ා ⎃ීāļ¸ිāļ­ āˇ€ැāļ§ුāļ´් ⎀ැāļŠිāļšිāļģීāļ¸් ⎄ා āļ¸āļ­ුāļ´ිāļ§ āˇ€ෙāļąāˇƒ්āļšāļ¸් āļšි⎄ිāļ´āļēāļš් āļ†āļą්āļŠු⎀ ⎀ි⎃ිāļą් ⎃ිāļ¯ුāļšāļŊේ āļē.
āļ‘⎄ෙāļ­් āļ…āļ­්‍āļē⎀⎁්‍āļē āļˇාāļą්āļŠāˇ€āļŊ āļ¸ිāļŊ āļ‰āˇ„āļŊ āļēාāļ¸ āļąි⎃ා āļ¯ුāļœීāļą්āļœේ āļĸී⎀āļą āļšොāļą්āļ¯ේ⎃ි āļ›ාāļ¯āļąāļē⎀ී āļ‡āļ­. 2017 āļ¯ෙ⎃ැāļ¸්āļļāļģāļē ⎀āļąāˇ€ිāļ§, 2016 āļ¯ෙ⎃ැāļ¸්āļļāļģāļēේ ⎃ිāļēāļēāļ§ 4.2āļš් ⎀ූ ⎀ාāļģ්⎂ිāļš āļ‹āļ¯්āļ°āļ¸āļą āļ…āļąුāļ´ාāļ­āļē ⎃ිāļēāļēāļ§ 7.3āļš් āļ¯āļš්⎀ා āļ‰āˇ„āļŊ āļœිāļēේ āļē. āļ‘āļ¸ āļ¸ා⎃āļēේ āļ¸, āļšāļŊිāļą් āˇ€āˇƒāļģේ āļ­ිāļļූ ⎃ිāļēāļēāļ§ 2.3āļ§ āˇƒාāļ´ේāļš්⎂⎀, āļ†āˇ„ාāļģ āļ¯්‍āļģ⎀්‍āļē⎀āļŊ āļ¸ිāļŊ āļ‹āļ¯්āļ°āļ¸āļąāļē āļ¯ැ⎀ැāļą්āļ­āˇ€ ⎃ිāļēāļēāļ§ 12.8āļš āļ¸āļ§්āļ§āļ¸āļšāļ§ āļąැāļœ්āļœේ āļē.
āļĸී⎀āļą āļ­āļ­්⎀āļēāļą් āļ¸ෙāļŊෙ⎃ āļ›ාāļ¯āļąāļē ⎀ීāļ¸ āļ­ුāļŠු āļ¯ී āļ‡āļ­්āļ­ේ ⎃ෞāļ›්‍āļē, āļ¯ුāļ¸්āļģිāļē, āļ­ැāļ´ැāļŊ්, āļ›āļąිāļĸ āļ­ෙāļŊ්, ⎀ිāļ¯ුāļŊි ⎃ංāļ¯ේ⎁ ⎄ා ⎀ිāļ¯ුāļŊිāļļāļŊ āˇƒāˇ„ ⎀āļ­ුāļšāļ¸්āļšāļģු⎀āļą් āļ‡āļ­ුāļŊු āļšāļ¸්āļšāļģු āļ´āļą්āļ­ිāļēේ ⎃ෑāļ¸ āļšොāļ§āˇƒāļš් āļ…āļ­āļģ āļ¸ āˇ€ැāļŠි ⎀ැāļ§ුāļ´් āļ‰āļŊ්āļŊāļ¸ිāļą් ⎀ිāļģෝāļ°āļ­ා āļąැāļœී āļ’āļ¸āļ§āļēි. āļ¸ෙāļ¸ āļ…āļģāļœāļŊ āļ¸ැāļŠීāļ¸āļ§ āļ´ොāļŊී⎃ිāļē ⎄ා ⎃āļą්āļąāļ¯්āļ° āˇ„āļ¸ුāļ¯ා⎀āļą් āļ¸ුāļ¯ා ⎄āļģිāļą āļ†āļą්āļŠු⎀ āļšāļ¸්āļšāļģු⎀āļą්āļœේ āļ‰āļŊ්āļŊීāļ¸් āļēāļ§āļ´āļ­් āļšිāļģීāļ¸ āˇƒāļŗāˇ„ා ⎀ෘāļ­්āļ­ීāļē ⎃āļ¸ිāļ­ි āļąාāļēāļšāļēāļą් āļ´ා⎀ිāļ ්āļ ි āļšāļŊේ āļē. ⎃ුāļˇāˇƒාāļ°āļą āˇƒේ⎀ා āļ‰āļŊ්āļŊāļą āļœāļ¸්āļļāļ¯ āļ¯ුāļœීāļą්āļœේ āļ…āļģāļœāļŊ āļ¯ෛāļąිāļš āļ¯ෙāļēāļš් āļļ⎀āļ§ āļ´āļ­්⎀ී āļ­ිāļļේ.
2017 āļ­ුāļą්⎀āļą āļšාāļģ්āļ­ු⎀ේ āļģāļ§ෙ⎄ි āļ¯āļ¯ේāļąිāļēේ ⎀āļģ්āļ°āļąāļē ⎃ිāļēāļēāļ§ 3.3āļš් ⎀ිāļē. 2017 ⎀āļģ්⎂āļē ⎃āļŗāˇ„ා ⎃āļ¸āˇƒ්āļ­ āˇ€āļģ්āļ°āļą āļ…āļąුāļ´ාāļ­āļē āļšāļŊිāļą් āļ´ැ⎀āļ­ි ⎃ිāļēāļēāļ§ 5 ⎃ිāļ§ āˇƒිāļēāļēāļ§ 4.2 āļ­ෙāļš් āļ´āˇ„āļŊ āļēāļąු āļ‡āļ­ැāļēි āļ­āļš්⎃ේāļģු āļšෙāļģේ.
āļ´‍්‍āļģāļ­ිāļ´āļ­්āļ­ි āļ…āļ°්‍āļēāļēāļą āļ†āļēāļ­āļąāļēේ āļ´‍්‍āļģāļ°ාāļąී āļ¯ු⎂්āļąි ⎀ීāļģāļšෝāļą් “⎃්āļŽා⎀āļģāļ­්⎀āļē āļ´ැ⎀āļ­ුāļąāļ­් ⎁්‍āļģී āļŊංāļšා⎀ āļ¯āļ¸්⎀ැāļŊෙāļą් āļļැāļŗී ⎃ිāļ§ිāļēි” āļēāļą āļ¸ාāļ­ෘāļšා⎀āļšිāļą් āļŊිāļēූ āļŊිāļ´ිāļēāļš් āļ­ුāļŊ, āļĸාāļ¸ූāļ… āļšāļ´්āļ´ාāļ¯ු āļšොāļą්āļ¯ේ⎃ි āļ†āļģ්āļŽිāļš āˇ€āļģ්āļ°āļąāļēāļ§ āˇƒංāļšෝāļ āļąාāļ­්āļ¸āļšāˇ€ āļļāļŊāļ´ාāļą āļ†āļšාāļģāļē āļ…⎀āļ°ාāļąāļēāļ§ āļŊāļš්āļšāļŊා āļē. āļšāļģ්āļšāˇ āļšාāļŊāļœුāļąāļēāļ§ āļ…āļ¸āļ­āļģ ⎀ “⎀āļģ්āļ°āļąāļē āļ´āˇ„āļŊ āļēාāļ¸āļ§ āˇ„ේāļ­ු ⎀āļą āļ…āļąෙāļš් āļšාāļģāļąāļē ⎀āļą්āļąේ āļĸාāļ¸ූāļ… āˇ€ැāļŠāļ´ිāļŊි⎀ෙāļŊ āļēāļ§āļ­ේ ⎃ංāļšෝāļ āļąාāļ­්āļ¸āļš āļ¸ූāļŊ්‍āļē ⎃්āļŽා⎀āļģāļ­්⎀āļē āļ‡āļ­ි āļšිāļģීāļ¸ේ āļ´‍්‍āļģāļēāļ­්āļąāļēāļą්āļē”. āļ´āļģිāļˇෝāļĸāļąāļē ⎄ා āļąි⎂්āļ´ාāļ¯āļąāļē āļ¸āļ­ āļ‰āˇ„āļŊ āļļāļ¯ු āļ´ැāļąāˇ€ීāļ¸ āˇ€ිāļēāļ¯āļ¸් āļšāļŊ⎄ැāļšි āļœෘ⎄ීāļē āļ†āļ¯ාāļēāļ¸් ⎄ා ⎃ංāļœāļ­ āļŊාāļˇ āļēāļą āļ¯ෙāļš āļ¸ āˇƒීāļ¸ාāļšāļŊ āļļ⎀ āļ‡āļē ⎃āļŗāˇ„āļą් āļšāļŊා āļē.
āļ…āļąෙāļš් āļģāļ§āˇ€āļŊ āļ¸ෙāļą් āļ¸ෙ⎄ි āļ¯ී āļ¯ “āļ†āļģ්āļŽිāļš āļ´‍්‍āļģāļšෘāļ­ිāļē” āˇƒāļŗāˇ„ා ⎀āļą āļĸාāļ¸ූāļ… āļļෙ⎄ෙāļ­් ⎀āļ§්āļ§ෝāļģු⎀ ⎀්‍āļēාāļĸāļēāļšි. āļēāļŽාāļģ්āļŽāļēේ āļ¯ී āļ‘āļē, āļšāļ¸්āļšāļģු⎀āļą්āļœෙāļą් ⎄ා āļ¯ුāļœීāļą්āļœෙāļą් ⎄ැāļšිāļ­ාāļš් āļ¸ිāļģිāļšාāļœෙāļą āļĸාāļ­්‍āļēāļą්āļ­āļģ āļļැංāļšුāļšāļģු⎀āļą් ⎄ා āļ¸ූāļŊ්‍āļē āļ†āļēෝāļĸāļšāļēāļą් āļ‡āļ­āļŊු āļ°āļąāˇ€āļ­ුāļą් ⎀ෙāļ­ āļ°āļąāļē āļ¸ාāļģු āļšāļģāļą āļš්‍āļģිāļēාāļ¸ාāļģ්āļœāļēāļšි.
⎃්āļŽා⎀āļģāļ­්⎀āļē āļœැāļą āļ†āļą්āļŠු⎀ේ āļ´ුāļ ්āļ ාāļąāļ¸් āļšෙ⎃ේ ⎀ෙāļ­āļ­්, “āļģාāļĸ්‍āļē āļąāļē āļ‰āˇ„āļŊ āļ¸āļ§්āļ§āļ¸āļš āļ´āˇ€āļ­ිāļą āļ­āļ­ු āļ­ුāļŊ [āļ†āļģ්āļŽිāļš āˇ€āļģ්āļ°āļąāļē] āļ´āˇ„āļŊāļēාāļ¸ේ āļ…⎀āļ¯ාāļąāļ¸ āˇƒෑ⎄ෙāļą āļ‰āˇ„āļŊ āļ¸āļ§්āļ§āļ¸āļš āļ´āˇ€āļ­ී” āļēāļēි āļĸාāļ¸ුāļ… āˇ€ිāļ¸āļģ්⎁āļąāļē ⎃āļŗāˇ„āļą් āļšāļģāļēි. āļ¸ේ āˇ€āˇƒāļģ ⎃āļŗāˇ„ා ⎃āļ¸āˇƒ්āļ­ āļąāļē āļ†āļ´āˇƒු āļœෙ⎀ීāļ¸ āļŠොāļŊāļģ් āļļිāļŊිāļēāļą 2.9āļš් ⎀āļąු āļ‡āļ­ි āļļ⎀ āļ­āļš්⎃ේāļģු āļšෙāļģෙāļą āļ…āļ­āļģ āļŊāļļāļą āˇ€āˇƒāļģ ⎃āļŗāˇ„ා āļ‘āļē āļŠොāļŊāļģ් āļļිāļŊිāļēāļą 4.2āļš් ⎀āļą්āļąේ āļœිāļē āˇ€āˇƒāļģේ āļ…āļœāļē ⎀ූ āļŠොāļŊāļģ් āļļිāļŊිāļēāļą 2.2 āļ¸ෙāļą් āļ¯ෙāļœුāļąāļēāļšāļ§ āļŊං ⎀ෙāļ¸ිāļąි. 2020 ⎃ිāļ§ 2022 āļ¯āļš්⎀ා āļąāļē āļ†āļ´āˇƒු āļœෙ⎀ීāļ¸ āļŠොāļŊāļģ් āļļිāļŊිāļēāļą 3.6āļš් āļēāļēි āļ­āļš්⎃ේāļģු āļšෙāļģේ.
āļ‘⎀ැāļąි ⎀ි⎁ාāļŊ āļąāļē āļœෙ⎀ීāļ¸āļš් ⎃āļŗāˇ„ා āļšāļ¸්āļšāļģු⎀āļą් ⎄ා āļ¯ුāļœීāļą්āļœේ āļĸී⎀āļą āˇ„ා ⎃āļ¸ාāļĸ āļ…āļēිāļ­ීāļą් āļ¸āļ­ āļ´‍්‍āļģ⎄ාāļģ āļ‹āļ­්⎃āļą්āļą āļšිāļģීāļ¸ āˇ„ැāļģ āļ†āļą්āļŠු⎀āļ§ āļ…āļą් āļ¸ා⎀āļ­āļš් āļąැāļ­.
⎃āļ¸ාāļĸ āļ´ිāļ´ිāļģීāļ¸ේ āļšැāļšෑāļģෙāļąāˇƒුāļŊු ⎃්⎀āļˇා⎀āļē āļœැāļą āļ¯āļą්āļąා āļĸāļąාāļ°ිāļ´āļ­ි ⎃ිāļģි⎃ේāļą, āļ”⎄ු āļ¯ āļ¸ුāļŊුāļ¸āļąිāļą් ⎀āļœāļšි⎀ āļēුāļ­ු āļ†āļą්āļŠු⎀ේ āļš්‍āļģිāļēාāļ¸ාāļģ්āļœāˇ€āļŊිāļą් āļˆāļ­්⎀ ⎃ිāļ§ිāļą āļļ⎀ āļ´ෙāļą්⎀ීāļ¸āļ§ āˇ€ිāļēāļģු āļŊෙ⎃ āļ‹āļ­්⎃ා⎄ āļšāļģāļēි. āļ´āˇƒුāļœිāļē ⎃āļ­ි āļ…āļą්āļ­āļēේ āļ´ැ⎀āļ­ි āļ´āļŊාāļ­් āļ´ාāļŊāļą āļ¸ැāļ­ි⎀āļģāļą āļģැāļŊිāļēāļš āļ¯ී ⎃ිāļģි⎃ේāļą āļ¸ෙ⎃ේ āļšී⎀ේ āļē: “āļ´āˇƒුāļœිāļē āļ…⎀ුāļģුāļ¯ු āļ­ුāļąේ āļ¯ී āļ¸āļ¸ (⎃āļˇාāļœāļēේ āļ´‍්‍āļģāļ°ාāļą āˇƒāˇ„āļšāļģු ⎀āļą āļ‘āļš්⎃āļ­් āļĸාāļ­ිāļš āļ´āļš්) āļ‘āļĸාāļ´āļēāļ§ āļ†āļģ්āļŽිāļšāļē āļšāļŊāļ¸āļąාāļšāļģāļąāļē āļšāļģāļą්āļąāļ§ āļ‰āļŠ āļ¯ුāļą්āļąා. āļ’āļ­් āļ­āˇ€āļ¸āļ­් āļĸāļąāļ­ා⎀ āļ†āļģ්āļŽිāļš āļ¯ු⎂්āļšāļģāļ­ා⎀āļą්āļ§ āļ¸ු⎄ුāļą āļ¯ී ⎃ිāļ§ිāļąāˇ€ා.” āļ¸ෙāļ­ැāļą් āļ´āļ§āļą් “āļĸāļąāļ­ා⎀āļ§ āˇƒāˇ„āļą āˇƒැāļŊ⎃ීāļ¸ āˇƒāļŗāˇ„ා” āļ†āļģ්āļŽිāļšāļē āļ­āļ¸āļą්āļœේ āļ´ාāļŊāļąāļē āļēāļ§āļ­āļ§ āļœāļą්āļąා āļļ⎀ āļ”⎄ු āļšී⎀ේ āļē.
āļĸāļąāļ­ා⎀āļ§ “āˇƒāˇ„āļą” ⎃ැāļŊ⎃ීāļ¸ āļēāļą්āļą āļ…āļ¸ු āļšෙāļ´්āļ´āļēāļšි. āļ†āļģ්āļŽිāļš āļ…āļģ්āļļුāļ¯āļē āļ…āļģāļœāļŊ ⎃āļŗāˇ„ා ⎀ේāļ¯ිāļšා⎀ ⎃āļšāˇƒāļ¯්āļ¯ී āļ†āļą්āļŠු⎀ ⎃ූāļ¯ාāļąāļ¸් āļšāļģāļ¸ිāļą් ⎃ිāļ§ිāļą්āļąේ āļ´ොāļŊි⎃් āļģාāļĸ්‍āļēāļēāļš āˇ€ැāļŠāļ´ිāļŊි⎀āļŊāļēි.

Sunday, January 28, 2018

IMF reviews Sri Lanka's austerity measures amidst government's claim of economic stability

IMF reviews Sri Lanka's  austerity measures amidst government's claim of economic stability
Student protest against education privatization. Jan 2018

Early January, the International Monetary Fund(IMF) published its third review (staff report) of the three year Extended Arrangement under the Extended Fund Facility(EFF), which sets out its austerity demands upon which it released US$ 251.4,  the fourth tranche of the bailout money to Sri Lanka in last December. 

The EFF was approved by IMF in June 2016 to enable Sri Lanka to resolve the island nation's balance of payment crises on the strict conditions that the US backed government of  Prime Minister Ranil Wickremasinghe and President Sirisena implements economic reforms aimed at fiscal tightening, restructuring state owned enterprises(SOEs), privatization and reforming its revenue laws. 

"A return to fiscal consolidation, targeting a reduction in the overall fiscal deficit to 3.5 percent of Gross Domestic Product(GDP) by 2020, is the linchpin of the reform programme", and "Rebuilding tax revenues through a comprehensive reform of both tax policy and administration will be key in this regard, supplemented by steps toward more effective control over expenditures and putting state enterprise operations on a more commercial footing", the IMF June 2016 press release said. 

The conditionalities imposed on Sri Lanka largely resembled those imposed on Greece and Spain by the Troika, which include IMF, Europen Commission and European Central Bank, under the European Stability Mechanism(ESM). 

The third review reveals that the government's economic reforms have placed fiscal consolidation, revenue mobilization, monetary policy management and reserves accumulation broadly on track. The government's 2016 VAT law amendments increased VAT rates and narrowed exemptions. The lender insists on implementation of the program’s landmark reform, the new Inland Revenue Act,  which was legislated in October 2017, by  April 2018.  "Consistent with the objectives of the EFF-supported program, the authorities announced a new far reaching economic plan titled Vision 2025 in September 2017," the review says.

Government passed the Budget 2018 in last December strictly in line with these demands of
IMF, which the report stated targeted a primary surplus of 1 percent of GDP and fiscal consolidation towards the objective of reducing the overall fiscal deficit to 3.5 percent of GDP by 2020. "Vision 2025: A Country Enriched" is the government's austerity programme aimed at achieving these demands during the next eight years.
Early this month, presenting the Road Map for 2018, the monetary and financial sector policies for 2018 and beyond, Central Bank Governor,  Indrajit Coomarsawamy, exposed government's devout adherence to IMF demands. He stated, "the government is also committed to a revenue based fiscal consolidation programme, which intends to bring down budget deficits and debt levels progressively."

The island is deep-trodden in an escalating debt crisis. The total debt repayment for the next three years would be 7,000 billion rupees ($45 billion). Fiscal consolidation requires government to reduce the budget deficit to 4.5 percent in 2018, which stood at 5.4 percent last year.  The government is bound to honour IMF's neoliberal policies in order to meet these debt repayment goals and reduce budget deficit. 

The review was released while the government and the Central Bank desperately claimed of reaching economic stability by the end of 2017, in view of the Local Government elections in next month. In his new year message to the people at the dawn of the year,  Wickremasinghe said "amidst great challenges, we were able to steer forward in restoring economic stability and a process of sustainable development."

In his speech presenting the Road Map, Coomarsawamy echoed Wickremasinghe and stated,  "macroeconomic stability is being restored and our economy is trending in the right direction," which he had said, in end of December, has won the investor confidence. 

Yet, even the official indicators do not hide the gloomy picture. Country's GDP growth stood just at 3.3 percent in the third quarter of 2017. In spite of country's exports expanding by 8.2 percent in the first nine months of year 2017, imports increased by 9.7 percent expanding the trade deficit to US$ 6.8 billion, an increase of US$ 0.7 billion from year 2016. Foreign reserves of a meagre US$ 7.3 billion comprises mainly of borrowed monies and bond sales. The government will incur large amortization payments in 2018, and  will be burdened with repayments on its international sovereign bonds starting in 2019. Gross financing needs (amortization payments plus overall deficit) are projected to reach 20 percent of GDP in 2018, IMF staff report details.

In spite of government's claims of stability, the review states, "Sri Lanka remains vulnerable to shocks given its high level of public debt, large financing needs, and weak external position." Therefore, the lender recommends that, "fiscal consolidation should continue, supported by effective tax administration and spending controls." In respect of monetary policy, it advocates the central bank maintain "a tightening bias to contain inflation and credit growth pressures, while continuing to accumulate reserves accompanied by greater exchange rate flexibility." Reforms in SOEs, "especially in the areas of energy pricing and airline restructuring, should proceed without further delay".

In fact,  the  claims of so called "stability" is nothing about any gains for the working people and the poor, but an indication of the ruling establishment's sighs of relief in implementing  austerity measures at the expense of the working class and the poor, and satisfying the demands of foreign investment and of IMF to receive balance bailout funds. 

The Institute of Policy Studies, a think-tank based in Colombo, consoled the ruling elite and top businesses in its September last year report stating, "with the gains made in fiscal consolidation so far under the IMF's watchful eye, achieving and retaining macroeconomic stability appears more probable."

What the working class and the poor in turn have got is welfare cuts, increased taxes and consumer price hikes, unemployment, reduction of wages, privatization,  state repression of militant strikes against these measures and subjection to police state apparatus. 

Inflation in the country stood at 7.1 percent in December while food inflation rose to 14.4 percent. Youth unemployment stands at 18.30 percent.

In October last year, the government deployed  police and brutally attacked workers who protested against the long term lease of down South, Hambantota Port to a Chinese company. 435 workers lost jobs subsequent to the deal. President Sirisena declared fuel distribution an essential service in July last year and declared same on railways in December to counter and force break worker strikes. Last week, the government used police anti-riot squad and attacked protesting Electricity Board workers.  This is how the Wickremasinghe-Sirisena government met the "great challenges".